Review of the native Hawaiian leafhopper genus Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of eight new species associated with Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae) Author Bennett, Gordon M Author O’Grady, Patrick M text Zootaxa 2011 2805 1 25 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.207804 8684b849-1584-4b07-b57e-deb02d601928 1175-5326 207804 Nesophrosyne kanawao Bennett sp. nov. ( Fig. 7 d) Diagnosis. Length: male = 4.19mm , female = 5.45mm . Dark species. Clavus predominately and irregularly pale, pigmentation bleeding throughout clavus from claval veins; costal cells and proximal cells partly hyaline ( Fig. 7 d). Endemic to Kohala Mountain Range, Hawai’i Island . Distribution. USA : Hawaiian Islands, Hawai’i, North West Kohala Mountain Range, 1520m , wet forest ( Fig. 3 ). Measurements. Body length (n=4): Male (n=4) = 4.19mm ( 4.17mm – 4.21mm ); Female (n= 4) = 5.45mm ( 5.3mm – 5.6mm ). Genitalia (n=4): Pygofer = 0.56mm ( 0.55mm – 0.57mm ); Style = 0.48mm ( 0.48mm – 0.49mm ); Connective = 0.27mm ( 0.26mm – 0.28mm ); Aedeagus lateral length = 0.36mm ( 0.34mm – 0.37mm ); Aedeagus posterior height = 0.22mm ( 0.21mm – 0.23mm ). Material examined. Type Material : Holotype : 1 male , Hawaiian Islands, Hawai’i, Kohala Mountains, Kawaihae Oka, Pu'u O Umi Natural Area Reserve, Elevation: 1520m , N20 o 0 4.947 W155 o 45.128 , 5October2006 . Host Plant: Broussaisia arguta . Coll. G.M. Bennett. Deposited in the BPBM , Honolulu, Hawai’i. Type #: 17307. Additional Material : 5 males , 4 females , same as holotype . Deposited in the BPBM , Honolulu, Hawai’i. Etymology. The kanawao species group is named after the Hawaiian word for Broussaisia arguta for the association of its constituent species with this plant species. Discussion. There is considerable overlap in the external coloration between N. kanawao and N. aakokohaikea , despite relatively large COII percent divergence (COII % divergence avg. = 9.23%). Nesophrosyne kanawao occurs in the Kohala Range, which is higher in elevation than the described N. aakokohaikea . Similar to species in the broussaisiai species subgroup, it is unknown if adaptation to elevational gradients or geographic limits to dispersal contribute to speciation in this subgroup. Sampling from across Hawai’i Island on different volcanoes and at varying elevations would help elucidate this question. Table 1. Cytochrome Oxidase II uncorrected pairwise distances for newly described Nesophrosyne species associated with Broussaisia arguta . Hawai’i Maui Moloka’i O’ahu Kaua’i Kohala Mauna Loa West Maui. Haleakalā Haleakalā Pu’u, Wai’anae Kōke’e Mtns. South Slope. N. Crater, E. North Slope, Kolekole. Mtns. State N. N. broussaisiai Maui. E. Maui. N. magnaccai N. Park. kanawao aakokohaikea N. kaupoi N. ogradyi makaihe N. heopoko Kohala Mtns. 0.0014 Hawai’i N. kanawao Mauna Loa 0.0923 0.0182 South Slope. N. aakokohaikea West Maui. 0.1067 0.1152 0.0077 N. broussaisiai Haleakalā 0.0990 0.1282 0.1057 0 Maui Crater, E. Maui. N. kaupoi Haleakalā 0.1153 0.1269 0.0422 0.1124 0.0049 North Slope, E. Maui. N. ogradyi Moloka’i Pu’u, Kolekole. 0.1521 0.1569 0.1360 0.1569 0.1416 0 N. magnaccai O’ahu Wai’anae Mtns. 0.1573 0.1631 0.1324 0.1594 0.1450 0.1400 0 N. makaihe Kaua’i Kōke’e State 0.1780 0.1862 0.1748 0.7872 0.1800 0.1774 0.1734 0 Park. N. heopoko