Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini) Author François Génier Author Patrick Arnaud text Zootaxa 2016 4099 1 journal volume 10.11646/zootaxa.4099.1.1 5d7eab55-66e2-43ed-b764-bac0c6e5b6d6 1175-5326 268274 B73C1BE1-346A-4C89-86B2-51CDACE92877 22. Dendropaemon (Eurypodea) fredericki ( Klages, 1906 ) ( Figs. 22 , 76–77, 118, 143, 158) Eurypodea fredericki Klages 1906 , Priv. Publ. : [1] (original description) Tetramereia frederickii : Klages 1907 , Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 8: 141 (redescription) Eurypodea Fredericki : Felsche 1908 , Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1908: 274 (synonymy) Dendropemon Fredericki : Gillet 1911 , Col. Cat. 38: 88 (mentioned as synonym) Eurypodea Fredericki : Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 120 (comment taxonomy) Tetramereia Frederickii : Janssens 1940 , Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat . Belg. 16: 7 (mentioned as synonym) [ Tetramereia ] frederickii : Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 211 (mentioned as synonym) Tetramereia fredericki : Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 851 (comment taxonomy) Type locality . Suapure, Caura Valley, Venezuela . Diagnosis. Differs from all other species in the genus by the four-segmented meso- and metatarsi combined with the globose body shape and entirely dark coloration. Separated from D. convexus by the shape of parameres which are much wider apically in lateral view and simply convex in dorsal view and by its larger average size. This species is seemingly restricted to the Guiana Shield. Description . Female holotype ( Fig. 22 ). Body . Body moderately large, length 14.0 mm, maximum width 8.5 mm ; body elongate-oval in dorsal view; dorsum convex. Color . Dorsal surface dark reddish brown to black, glossy, lacking metallic sheen; ventrum reddish brown to dark brown; pygidium reddish brown; legs dark reddish brown to black. Head . Clypeus broadly arcuate, anterior portion slightly upturned; clypeal teeth more or less rounded; clypeal median emargination narrowly v-shaped, clypeal edge emarginate on external side of each clypeal tooth, clypeal teeth ventral surface lacking carina, clypeal margin well-defined and sharply carinate posteriorly, clypeal surface with transverse rugulae; clypeogenal suture well-defined, rather sharply carinate internally; genal surface with fine blunt transverse rugulae, lacking distinct transverse carina, concave laterally and convex internally; clypeofrontal carina low, more than 6 times wider than high, straight in dorsal view, simply carinate, clypeofrontal carina apical edge slightly trilobate in frontal view; eyes small in dorsal view, interocular ratio 7.8. Pronotum . Pronotum transverse in dorsal view, pronotal width/length ratio 1.5; disc of pronotum coarsely punctate basally, punctures changing into fine rough rugulae anteriorly, with an ill-defined shallow longitudinal depression on posterior half; pronotal anterior margin unmodified lateral to eye; anterior portion with a nearly straight and slightly tuberculate medially transverse carina bordering anteriorly a weekly impressed concavity; anterior angles surface with fine rugulae, similar to lateral margin along posterior edge of anterior margin; lateral fossae oval, simple; lateral portions slightly explanate; pronotal basal fossae ill-defined, slightly concave; posterior margin well-defined, lacking crenulation and setae. Elytra . Elytra slightly transverse, elytral combined width/length ratio 1.3; elytral base lacking distinct margin, simply convex; elytral striae 1–4 moderately wide, not bordered by a minute carina laterally, evenly impressed throughout, elytral striae 5 similar to 4 on disc, strial punctures illdefined, adjacent strial edge encroaching on interval, stria 1 ill-defined apically; interstriae slightly convex, finely punctate throughout, feebly microsculptured. Thoracic sterna . Proepisternal carina absent; metasternal median lobe angularly produced anteromedially, ventral ridge well-defined, v-shaped. Legs . Profemur posterior surface convex, glabrous and punctate internally, posterointernal margin rather thin, evenly developed, internal edge wide, with a contiguous row of setae along anterointernal edge and few scattered long setae on anterior half, remaining surface with irregular ill-defined punctures and glossy. Protibia with four teeth on lateral edge; internal basal angle unmodified; anterior surface with long aligned row of setae internally, surface glossy or feebly microsculptured between punctures; posterior surface lacking punctures externally to median carina, surface finely and irregularly microsculptured, with a single continuous setal row along lateral teeth. Mesofemur unmodified on anterointernal edge apically. Mesotibia rather short, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view; anteroapical edge broadly arcuate in anterior view, anteroapical row of setae complete, more or less regularly spaced; apicoanterior edge angular, lacking distinct emargination internally; external edge more or less flat, with irregular setiferous punctures and microsculpture. Mesotarsus similar in shape to metatarsus, 4-segmented, first segment transverse, wider than length along midline. Metafemur elongate, internal and lateral edges slightly but distinctly arcuate in ventral view, more than twice as long as wide, lacking distinct depressed area anterointernally before apex, apicoposterior edge unmodified, anterior surface with a well-defined sulcus on median half. Metatibia robust, regularly widening from base to apex, anterior surface with distinct row of setae, surface glossy basally and slightly irregular apically, metatibial posterior surface concave between longitudinal row of setae and lateral edge, with transverse microsculpture. Metatarsus 4-segmented ( Fig. 118 ), first segment transverse, wider than length along midline, with anterointernal carina well defined and reaching apical edge. Abdominal sternites . Sternites 3–6 longitudinally flat; sternites 4–6 with more than three unaligned row of setae laterally, glabrous medially; sternite 7 approximately longitudinally flat medially, longer than segment 6 along midline; pygidium moderately punctate on disc. Measurements ( 7 males , 17 females ). Length: male 11.5–16.0 (14.0±1.5), female 12.5–16.5 (14.2±1.1) mm. Primary type data ( Fig. 143 ). Holotype female (CUIC): [Suapure VENEZ/ Caura River/ July 5 1899 / E.A.Klages] partly handwritten; [ Type !/ E.A.Klages] handwritten; [ Eurypodea / Fredericki E.A.Klages] handwritten, red border; [ HOLOTYPE / Cornell U./ No.2949] red card; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00021640]; [ HOLOTYPE ♀/ Tetramereia / frederickii / Klages/ vid. F. Génier, 2013] handwritten. Material examined . BRAZIL : PARÁ , IPEAN [=Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Norte], Belem, ( 1°26'32''S , 48°25'59''W ), xi.1980 , coll. P. Arnaud— 1 female ( CPFA ); Tucuruí, ( 3°46'26''S , 49°41'19''W ), xii.1983 , coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( CEMT ); GUYANE FRANÇAISE : Cacao, ( 4°35'N , 52°28'W ), X.2008 , coll. [anonymous]— 2 females ( FGIC ); environs de Cacao, ( 4°35'N , 52°28'W ), i.2009 , coll. P. Bonin— 2 females ( CPFA ); Régina, ( 4°19'N , 52°8'W ), ix.2008 , coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( FGIC ); same locality, ii.2009 , coll. [anonymous]— 1 male ( FGIC ); Réserve naturelle des Nouragues, ( 4°19'N , 52°22'W ), 3.v.2003 , coll. F. Feer— 1 male ( CEMT ); same locality, 7.vii.2008 , coll. F. Feer— 1 female ( CEMT ); Saül, ( 3°37'N , 53°12'W ), vii.1978 , coll. P. Arnaud— 1 female , 1 male ( CPFA ); same locality, i.1977 , coll. T. Porion— 1 male ( CPFA ); [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 7 females , 3 males ( CPFA ); VENEZUELA : BOLIVAR, Suapure, Río Caura, ( 7°14'N , 65°10'W ), 5.vii.1899 , coll. E.A. Klages— 1 female ( holotype ) ( CUIC ). Natural history . Unknown, one specimen collected using flight interception trap and a second hand collected in primary forest. Remarks . The presumed males studied differs from the female by the slightly more elevated and thicker clypeofrontal carina. Ventrally the abdominal segment 7 is as long as segment 6 along midline (approximately 1.5 as long in female), in addition segments 5–7 are distinctly sulcated basally on each side of midline. Parameres (Figs. 76–77) stout in lateral view, more or less rounded in dorsal view; with dense raspy tubercles apically. Variation. The holotype female differs from the specimens collected in French Guiana studied by the distinctly sericeous aspect of elytral intervals, smaller size and much coarser and regular punctation of the metatibial apical edge and first meso and metatarsal segment anterior surface. See also remarks under D. convexus .