Taxonomic revision of Brazilian Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 (Bivalvia: Cardiida) Author Signorelli, Javier H. Author Pastorino, Guido text Zootaxa 2012 2012-03-23 3245 30 53 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3245.1.2 3e76a7b9-98c8-4998-bc31-76d3350ad302 1175-5326 6544861 Mulinia cleryana (d´Orbigny, 1846 ) Figure 8 A–G Mactra cleryana d’Orbigny, 1846 in 1834–1847 : 510 . Mactra guadelupensis Récluz, 1852 : 249 , pl. 10 , figs. 4 – 4 ´; Beau, 1853 : 414 ; Ijzerman, 1931 : 36 . Mulinea portoricensis Shuttleworth, 1856 : 174 ; Adams & Adams, 1856 in 1853–1858 : 380 ; Conrad, 1868 : 31 . Mactra carinulata Deshayes in Reeve, 1854 , pl. 10 , fig. 38 . Mulinia portoricensis ( Shuttleworth, 1856 ) — Adams & Adams, 1856 in 1853–1858 : 380 . Mactra guadeloupensis, ( Récluz, 1852 ) — Krebs, 1864 : 105 ; Weinkauff, 1884 : 33 , pl. 11 , figs. 1–3 . Mactra donacaeformis Krebs, 1864 : 105 (non Gray, 1837 , Mulinia donaciformis Gray, 1837 , p. 376 ). Mactra gaudelupensis ( Récluz, 1852 ) — Conrad 1868 : 32 Trigonella guadelupensis ( Récluz, 1852 ) — Conrad, 1868 : 37 . Gnathodon guadelupensis ( Récluz, 1852 ) — Sowerby in Reeve, 1873 : pl. 1 , fig. 2 . Gnathodon cantrainei Récluz ms., Sowerby in Reeve, 1873 : pl. 1 , fig. 2 — Gundlach, 1883 a: 58 ; Dall, 1894 b: 27 . Mactra portoricensis ( Shuttleworth, 1856 ) — Weinkauff, 1884 : 30 , pl. 11 , fig. 1–3 ; Schepman, 1887 : 164 ; d’Audretsch, 1953 : 239 . Mulinia guadelupensis, Dall, 1894 a: 104 ; 1894 b: 27 ; Lamy, 1918 : 341 . Mulinia branneri Dall, 1901 : 145 . Mulinia portoricensis, Warmke & Abbott, 1961 : 204 , fig. 43 d. Mulinia cleryana , Weisbord, 1964 : 382 , pl. 55 , fig. 3–6 ; Altena, 1968 : 159 ; 1969 : 178 ; 1971 : 51 , pl. 4 , fig. 13–15 ; Rios, 1970 : 196 ; 1975 : 236 , pl. 75 , fig. 1133 ; 1985 : 244 , pl. 86 , fig. 1215 ; 1994 : 266 , pl. 91 , fig. 1297 ; 2009 : 537 , fig. 1491 ; Abbott, 1974 : 491 . Diagnosis. Shell trigonal, anterior and posterior end well defined and closer to the ventral edge than to the dorsal edge; posterior carina delimited by a ridge, average size up to 30 mm in length. Description. Shell trigonal, inflated, inequilateral, umbones placed about half shell length, inflated and prosogyrate; posterodorsal area defined by a conspicuous keel-like carina ( Figs. 8 A–E); anterodorsal area wide but not defined by a lunule; anterior and posterior ends low and well defined; ventral margin sinuous; external surface smooth without concentric ridges, maximum shell length measured 36 mm ; right hinge with two anterior and two posterior lateral teeth (AI, AIII , PI & PIII ) strong and short, being the ventral more elongated, two divergent and unfused cardinal ( 3 a & 3 b) teeth, the 3 b vertically oriented ( Fig. 8 F); left hinge with the usual V-shaped cardinal tooth ( 2 a–b), flanked by an accessory lamella ( 4 b), one anterior and one posterior lateral tooth (AII & PII) complete the hinge; anterior adductor muscle scars semielliptical, posterior oval; pallial sinus low and V-shaped ( Fig. 8 G). Shell ultrastructure with two layers as the other species studied. Type material. [ Mactra cleryana ] NHMUK 1854.12. 4.670 , three syntypes ; [ Mactra guadelupensis ] MNHN unnumbered, two syntypes ; [ Mulinea portoricensis ] NMBE 501777 , one syntype ; [ Gnathodon cantrainei ] types not found at NHMUK ; [ Mulinia branneri ] USNM 107829 , holotype , one complete specimen, CAS-IZ 64436.00, paratype , one RV. FIGURE 8. Mulinia cleryana (d´Orbigny, 1846). A–E: syntypes (NHMUK 1854.12.4.670), scale bar = 1 cm; F–G: hinge description by using the nomenclature developed by Bernard and Munier Chalmas, F: right, G: LV, scale bar = 1 cm. Type locality. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Other material examined. United States of America—Texas ( ANSP 217231 ) . Central America — Sonora, Mexico ( AMNH 131270 ) ; Punta Gorda, Belize ( ANSP 282500 ) ; Haiti ( USNM 439219, 440574 , 440218, 440208 , 439225, 439273 , 440063, 383161 , 439372, 367371 , 383301, 439206 ) ; Santo Domingo ( FURG 37443 ; USNM 367281, 367254 , 379850 ; ANSP 173315 ) ; Puerto Rico ( MNRJ 1297, 1298 ; 13049 ; USNM 523629, 464238 , 128324 ; AMNH 34073 ) ; Guadeloupe Islands ( AMNH 34106, 34131 ) ; Trinidad ( USNM 365250 ; ANSP 263921 ) . Venezuela — Venezuela ( USNM 381915 ) . Guyana—British Guyana ( USNM 432392, 889595 ) . Brazil—Salinópolis ( MZUSP 22264 ) ; São Luís do Maranhão ( FURG 13751 ; MZUSP 14669 ) ; Aquiraz, Ceará ( MZUSP 81810 ); Ceará ( MZUSP 13050 ) ; Fortaleza ( FURG 34384, 34427 ; MZUSP 22265, 81787 ) ; Morro Branco, Ceará ( MZUSP 22266 ) ; Areia Branca ( MZUSP 40119 ) ; Natal ( ANSP 300239 ) ; Rio Grande do Norte ( ANSP 300283 ) ; Pernambuco ( MZUSP 45285, 45308 , 45399 ); Cabedelo, Paraiba ( MZUSP 41386, 413339 ); Paripueira ( MZUSP 22267 ; FURG 37481 ); Alagoas ( FURG 1952 ); Maceió ( FURG 34396 ); Aracajú ( MNRJ 72 ); Alcobaça ( AMNH 91580 ); Caravelas ( MZUSP 22268 ); Bahia ( USNM 337300 ; FURG 29303 ); Rio Caravelas ( FURG 29267 ); Espírito Santo ( MZUSP 32544,66340 ); Regência ( MZUSP 82670 ); Vitória ( MZUSP 22269 ); Rio de Janeiro ( MZUSP 22270 ); Angra dos Reis ( MZUSP 63184, 63260 ); Ilha Grande ( MZUSP 22271, 22272 ); Recreio des Bandeirantes ( USNM 487373 ); Bertioga ( MNHNM 7345 ); Iguapé ( MZUSP 79652 ); Ilha Comprida ( MZUSP 22292 ); Peruíbe ( AMNH 120412 ); Praia Grande ( MZUSP 62790, 83971 , 60010, 60001 , 60017 ; FURG 21063 ); São Sebastião ( MZUSP 301, 312 ); Santos ( MLP 9385 ; ANSP 195118, 195133 , MNHNM 7338 ; USNM 359301 ; MZUSP 15169, 22288 , 22289, 22290 ; MACN-In 5091 ; 42635 ); São Paulo ( MZUSP 13051, 14971 , 15137, 22291 , 22293, 32936 , 43019, 43892 , 44986, 44990 , 45027, 45029 , 45143, 45177 , 59079, 60019 , 60022, 60028 , 60038, 60057 , 60066, 62325 , 79140, 80330 , 80741, 80980 ; FURG 18885, 267 , 31563, 34412 , MNHNM 7341 ); Ubatuba (MACN-In 1824 ); Paraná ( MZUSP 15080, 22295 , 15078, 15083 ); Camboriú ( MZUSP 15071 ); Itapema ( MZUSP 22297 ); Itajaí ( MZUSP 34621 ); Santa Catarina ( MNRJ 1015 ; MZUSP 13047, 13055 , 22296 ); Rio Grande do Sul ( FURG 22336, 813 , 23692 ). Distribution. Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil . Remarks. Mulinia cleryana , dedicated to M. Cléry, is a valid species. The synonym list includes Mactra guadelupensis Récluz, 1852 ( Figs. 9 A–D), Mulinea portoricensis Shuttleworth, 1856 ( Figs. 9 E–F), Mactra carinulata Deshayes in Reeve, 1854 , Gnathodon cantrainei Sowerby in Reeve, 1873 and Mulinia branneri Dall, 1901 ( Figs. 9 G–K). The type materials of all these nominal species were examined and their status confirmed. Conrad ( 1868 ) mentioned Mactra grandis Deshayes & Milne-Edwards, 1835 (not Gmelin, 1791 ) and Mactra lamarckii Philippi, 1846 as synonyms of M. cleryana . However, the examined original illustrations of both species differ clearly from the type of d’Orbigny's species. There exists no type material of Mactra grandis and Mactra lamarckii . The first one is an illustration published by Lamarck in Bruguière et al. in the “Encyclopédie Méthodique” ( 1797 , pl. 253 , Fig. 1 a–b); and cited later by Deshayes & Milne-Edwards ( 1835 ) making erroneously reference to Mactra grandis Gmelin, 1791 . Later, Philippi ( 1846 ) introduced a new name for the illustration given by Lamarck. The two nominal taxa should not be considered synonymous with M. cleryana . FIGURE 9. Mulinia cleryana (d´Orbigny, 1846). A–D: Mactra guadelupensis Récluz, 1852 , syntypes (MNHN unnumbered), A: LV, B: RV; E–F: Mulinea portoricensis, Shuttleworth, 1856 , syntype (NMBE 501777), RV; G–K: Mulinia branneri Dall, 1901 holotype (USNM 107829), G: RV, scale bar = 1 cm. Although the examination of type material confirms the synonymy list, preliminary results from geometric morphometric studies suggest a shell variation along the specimens examined. This variation, currently in process of study suggest the presence of a Caribbean and a Brazilian morphotype. Finally the shell characters observed in Mulinia cleryana separate this species from the superficially similar Mactra isabelleana d´Orbigny, 1846 . The main differences are the absence of an external ligament, smaller shell length and the posterior keel-like carina in the Brazilian species.