Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) Author Albrecht, Anders Christian text European Journal of Taxonomy 2015 2015-10-21 145 1 55 journal article 22370 10.5852/ejt.2015.145 5743d321-5138-4b7e-81df-a2701a38dc44 2118-9773 3787410 F6A3EA6C-9080-4DC7-9EF9-4C4DBEB4086F Hormaphis betulae (Mordvilko, 1901) Fig. 15 Diagnosis Apterae 1–2 mm , pale yellow, circular, flat; older juveniles and adults on secondary host with marginal wax rim. Dioecious. Alternates between witch-hazel Hamamelis (Hamamelidaceae) and birch Betula Fig. 15. Hormaphis betulae (Mordvilko, 1901) . Apt. (ad. and juv.) on Betula pubescens . ( Betulaceae ). Anholocyclic in Northern Europe, living on birch. Overwintering in the moss layer of mixed coniferous forests and bogs, and during the cold season seen in moss samples. Distribution F.