A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles johnburnsi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 125 , 126 Female. Body length 2.02 mm , antenna length 2.02 mm , fore wing length 1.97 mm . Type material. Holotype : COSTA RICA • 1♀ ; 92-SRNP-2477, DHJPAR0001441; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Alacran ; dry forest; 260 m ; 10.89249 , -85.60336 ; 22.vi.1992 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 27.vi.1992 ; ( CNC ) . Paratypes . • 12 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 6♀ , 0 ♂ ); 92-SRNP-2477, DHJPAR0001441; same data as for holotype; ( CNC ) . Other material. Reared material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Bosque Humedo : • 27 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 14♀ , 7♂ ); 89-SRNP-376, DHJPAR0000056; dry forest; 290 m ; 10.85145 , -85.60801 ; 26.vi.1989 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 08-09.vii.1989 , and the caterpillar still quite alive, but has not moved . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Alacran : • 5 ( 2♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 3♀ , 0 ♂ ); 91-SRNP-1861, DHJPAR0001507; dry forest; 260 m ; 10.89249 , -85.60336 ; 17.vii.1991 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 20.vii.1991 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 25.vii.1991 . • 29 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 14♀ , 9♂ ); 91-SRNP-2268.1, DHJPAR0001438; same data as for preceding except: 27.vii.1991 ; cocoons formed on 28.vii.1991 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.viii.1991 . • 5 ( 1♀ , 1♂ ) ( 1♀ , 2♂ ); 91-SRNP-2309, DHJPAR0001493; same data as for preceding except: 27.vii.1991 ; caterpillar found with wasp cocoons on its back; date of cocoons not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.viii.1991 . • 19 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 4♀ , 9♂ ); 91-SRNP-2322, DHJPAR0001517; same data as for preceding except: 27.vii.1991 ; oval white cocoons formed on 01.viii.1991 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 07.viii.1991 . • 43 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 19♀ , 18♂ ); 92-SRNP-2139, DHJPAR0001510; same data as for preceding except: 19.vi.1992 ; caterpillar already with cocoons on back; adult parasitoids emerged on 22.vi.1992 and caterpillar still alive when wasps eclosed. • 26 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 20♀ + 0 ♂ ); 92-SRNP-2142, DHJPAR0001487; same data as for preceding except: 19.vi.1992 ; caterpillar already with cocoons on back; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.vi.1992 and caterpillar still alive when wasps eclosed. • 20 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 4♀ , 10♂ ); 92-SRNP-2142.1, DHJPAR0001495; same data as for preceding except: 19.vi.1992 ; caterpillar already with cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 22.vi.1992 . • 16 ( 4♀ , 3♂ ) (0 ♀ , 9♂ ); 92-SRNP-2158, DHJPAR0000064; 19.vi.1992 ; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 23.vi.1992 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 29.vi.1992 . • 35 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 8♀ , 21♂ ); 92-SRNP-2423, DHJPAR0001504; same data as for preceding except: 18.vi.1992 ; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 23.vi.1992 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 26.vi.1992 . • 20 ( 3♀ , 2♂ ) ( 15♀ , 0 ♂ ); 93-SRNP-4903, DHJPAR0001508; same data as for preceding except: 17.viii.1993 ; oval cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; date of cocoons not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.ix.1993 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Casetilla : • 9 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 3♀ , 0 ♂ ); 93-SRNP-5341, DHJPAR0000075; 250 m ; 10.87652 , -85.58605 ; 02.ix.1993 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.ix.1993 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Santa Elena , Mancha : • 3 ( 2♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ); 03-SRNP-12417, DHJPAR0000035; 330 m ; 10.85273 , -85.67419 ; 30.v.2003 ; Jose Cortez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed 31.v.2003 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.vi.2003 . Diagnosis. Nucha without distinct short radiating carinae ( Figs 125B, C , 126B, C ), proximal half of propodeum straight or nearly so ( Figs 125B, C , 126C ), antenna as same length as body length, mesoscutum distinctly punctate throughout ( Figs 125B , 126B ), axillary trough of metanotum proximally with semircular/undulate carina, distally smooth ( Figs 125C , 126C ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets, petiole on T1 virtually parallel-sided, but narrowing over distal 1/3, completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen ( Figs 125D , 126D ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 125C , 126C ), lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 125H , 126F ), and fore wing with outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 125I , 126H ). Figure 125. Glyptapanteles johnburnsi sp. nov. female 92-SRNP-2477 DHJPAR0001441 A Habitus B, F Mesosoma B Dorsal view F Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T1-3, dorsolateral view E Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view G, H Metasoma G Lateral view H Dorsolateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind K Cocoon. Figure 126. Glyptapanteles johnburnsi sp. nov. male 92-SRNP-2477 DHJPAR0001441 A Habitus B, E Mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T1-2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Dorsal view G Lateral view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 125A ). General body coloration light brown except scape, pedicel, all antennal flagellomeres (on both sides) and mesosternum yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except coxae, trochanters, trochantellus and proximal half of fore femora brown and middle femora completely brown; hind legs brown except junction between tibiae and femora. Petiole on T1 light brown, although edges remarkably darkened and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median area light-brown, contours darkened and lateral ends light-brown; T3 and beyond completely light-brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, all sterna and all terga light brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 125A ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.13:0.06, 0.14:0.06, 0.13:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.09:0.05, 0.07:0.05), antenna as same as body length (2.02, 2.02); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with scattered and finely punctate, interspaces with microsculpture and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces with microsculpture. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 125B, C, F ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum with punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose, distal half with a central dent. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with a little and complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat) or depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum relatively polished without median longitudinal carina, proximal half straight or nearly so; distal edge of propodeum without flange; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha without distinct short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends). Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout, fore telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.08, 0.04). Dorsal half of hind coxa with scattered punctation, ventral half with dense punctation and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.13, 0.10), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.07). Wings ( Fig. 125I, J ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae, subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and 2CUb vein spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A absent; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe wide, subdistally straightened and subproximally evenly convex, and setae present only proximally. Metasoma ( Fig. 125A, D, E, G, H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3, apex truncate (length 0.28, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.05), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.10, length T2 0.10), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.10, maximum width 0.14, minimum width 0.05); T2-3 with a distinctive row of pubescence only at the distal margin. T3 longer than T2 (0.16, 0.10). Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons ( Figs 4H, M , 125K ). Beige or white oval cocoons and drum-shaped cocoons with silk fibers evenly smooth. Oval cocoons are somewhat separate from one another and individually adhered to the larval cuticle. Drum-shaped cocoon never eclose because no pupa is inside. Comments. The shape of the pronotum is convex, thus junction between the distal edge of ventral furrow of the pronotum and the mesopleuron forming a deep hollow. The central area in pronotum is narrow. Male ( Fig. 125 A-I ). Metasoma coloration lighter than in females. Etymology. John M. Burns is emeritus curator of Lepidoptera at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington , DC , USA . He is mainly interested in problems at and around the species level, in the process of speciation, and in evolution. He works mostly on a family of distinctive butterflies called skippers ( Hesperiidae ). Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector Santa Elena (Mancha) and Sector Santa Rosa ( Alacran , Bosque Humedo, and Casetilla), during June 1989 and 1992, July 1991 , August and October 1993 , and May 2003 at 250 m , 260 m , 290 m , and 330 m in dry forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Eunica malvina Bates ( Fig. 4H, M ), E. caresa Hewitson and Eunica sp. Huebner ( Nymphalidae : Biblidinae ) feeding on Mabea occidentalis ( Euphorbiaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar. After emerging the parasitoids, caterpillar still quite alive, but has not moved.