Review of Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Eumastacidae, Temnomastacinae) Author Olivier, Renan S. Author Pujol-Luz, Cristiane V. A. Author Graciolli, Gustavo text Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-02 4593 1 1 78 journal article 26932 10.11646/zootaxa.4593.1.1 30edcc13-bdfb-418e-94d7-7b1afdd79879 1175-5326 2657006 3491BEB3-53F4-413A-A05D-48BB0C7029DF Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:39957 Figures 1 , 4C , 5C , 6C , 7A , 8C , 9C , 10C , 12C , 13C , 14C , 15C , 18C , 22 and 28A Temnomastax latens Rehn & Rehn 1942 : 12 (identification key), 16 ( Figures 3 , 6 , 9 , 13 , and 14), 21 (original description); Liebermann 1955 : 333 (citation); Olivier 2014 : 457 (citation), 460 ( Figure 6 and identification key), 2017: 235 (citation); Olivier & Aranda 2018 : 268 –275 (morphometric analysis). Type locality. Brazil , Minas Gerais , Lassance , 9–19.XI.1919 ( Cornell University Expedition ; R.G. Harris )— holotype ♂ [Type no.5627] and 1 allotype ♀ . Depository. Holotype : Entomology Collection at The Academy of Natural Sciences of Dextrel University, Philadelphia , United States of America . Etymology. Specific epithet alludes to the male cerci that is curved inward and downward being difficult to observe (from Latin. latens, ‘concealed’ or ‘hidden’) ( Rehn & Rehn 1942 ). Diagnosis. Small ( ♂  15.95 mm , ♀ = 23.24 mm ). Close to T. monnei sp. nov. , but differs by the more protruding male eyes. Male tegmina reaching the epiproct and female tegmina reaching the 5 th abdominal tergite. 1 st abdominal tergite of female without distinct color. 7 th and 8 th abdominal tergites and 8 th and 9 th abdominal sternites of male yellow. Male cerci less compressed laterally at the base and less curved inward in the median region. MbEp seemingly sub-rectangular in dorsal view. Posteromedian portion of epiphallus with a beak-shaped tip. Female subgenital plate yellow and the lateral portions of posterior margin slightly concave before the central protrusion in ventral view. Redescription. Male ( Figure 18C ). Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 30.IX.1986 (Bandeira, M.P.S. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]. Measurements (mm): bd 15.33, pt 1.90, tg 7.79, hf 11.81, ht 12.44.— Head : Subtriangular in frontal view ( Figure 4C ). Antennae ( 2.54 mm ). Fastigium ( 0.18 mm ). Eyes very protruding in frontal view ( Figure 4C ). Frons metallic blue. Clypeus and labrum yellow ( Figures 4C and 28A ). Mandibular joints brown. Mandibles yellow. Thorax : Pronotum : Slightly sellate, posterior region of pronotal disk slightly curved in lateral view ( Figure 6C ). Pronotal disk blackish with blue maculae and yellow spots; posterior margin rounded ( Figure 6c ). Thoracic sternites metallic blue. Wings : Brachypterous ( tg / hf 0.66). Tegmina ellipsoidal; elongated with costal margin slightly convex in the ½ proximal and anal margin slightly concave, apex uniformly rounded; reaching the epiproct (4.0x the pronotum length); some oblique nervures present between costal margin and C and between C and Sc; R reaching the apex, without bifurcation; M bifurcating in Ma and Mp in the medium region; 1Cu present, reaching the ¼ distal; 2Cu reaching the median region; 1A and 2A well marked, 3A reduced ( Figure 7A ). Membranous wings with five lobes when extended (remigium + four anal lobes); M present, arising from the median region of R+M and reaching the apex; Rs2 present; 1Cu and VD rectilinear and parallel; 1A–4A present, 5A reduced; 1a–4a present ( Figure 7a ). Legs (Right/Left): Ventral face of protibiae with 9/ 8 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 2.5x the length of PrTm2 . Ventral face of mesotibiae with 9/7 outer spines and 9/8 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2 . Dorsal face of metatibiae with 21/25 inner spines and 22/22 outer spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of MtTm2 . Abdomen : Posterior-ventral regions of the 9 th and 10 th abdominal tergites as in the Figure 8C . Proximal region of epiproct broader than in T. hamus , lateral margins moderately folded downward, ⅓ distal sharply convergent, apex acute ( Figure 8c ). Cerci not exceeding the length of epiproct in dorsal view ( Figure 8c ); robust and subcylindrical at the base, laterally compressed in the ⅓ apical, curved inward in the median region and downward in the ⅓ apical, an acute process in the ventro-apical region present ( Figure 9C ). Abdominal sternites yellow. Membranous apical area of subgenital plate fusiform horizontally, not expanded toward the apex; one central and two lateral carinae distinct. Posterior margin of subgenital plate slightly projected backward in lateral view ( Figure 8C ). Apex of abdomen subtriangular in axial view. Phallic complex : Epiphallus : LREp elongated, making the MbEp seemingly subrectangular in shape in dorsal view ( Figure 10C ); inner margin of the more sclerotized portion in the posterior region sinuous; lateral more sclerotized portions of the outer margin in the posterior region converging centrally in a beak-shaped tip ( Figure 10C ); posterior region without upward curvature in lateral view ( Figure 10c ); LPjEp uniformly expanded from proximal region to distal region ( Figure 10c ) and with a small process curved and acute distally. Endophallus : Outer margin in the anterior region of endophallic plate bilobed, resembling butterfly-shaped; inner arc broad and circular; branches slight convergent and tips clearly divergent in ventral view ( Figure 12C ); broad ventral curvature in the ¾ posterior in lateral view and slight ripples ventrally on the outer margin of branch ( Figure 12c ); spermatophore sac as in the Figure 12c ; ejaculatory sac ovoid, projected backward ( Figure 12c ). Female ( Figure 18C ). Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 01.X.1986 (Rocha, I.R.D. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]. Measurements (mm): bd 23.24, pt 2.32, tg 7.53, hf 14.46, ht 15.65.— Head : Narrow in frontal view ( Figure 4C ). Antennae ( 2.68 mm ). Fastigium ( 0.29 mm ). Eyes less protruding than male ( Figures 4C and 5C ). Thorax : Brachypterous ( tg / hf 0.521). Tegmina reaching the 5 th abdominal tergite (3.2x the pronotum length). Ventral face of protibiae with 8/8 outer spines and 7/7 inner spines. PrTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of PrTm2 . Ventral face of mesotibiae with 8/8 outer spines and 8/8 inner spines. MsTm1 with approximately 2.0x the length of MsTm2 . Dorsal face of metatibiae with 24/25 outer spines and 23/24 inner spines. MtTm1 with approximately 3.0x the length of MtTm2 . Abdomen : Posterior-ventral regions of the 8 th abdominal tergite smooth ( Figure 13C ). Epiproct as in the Figure 14C . Length of paraprocts equal to the epiproct. Cerci reaching the distal ⅓ of paraprocts ( Figure 14C ). Subgenital plate : Lateral regions not covered by the ventral portions of the 8 th abdominal tergite ( Figure 15C ); posterior-lateral regions exceeding the length of the 8 th abdominal tergite in lateral view ( Figure 13C ); lateral portions of posterior margin converging to the center with slight inclination and concavity, forming a small triangular protrusion in the apex; spines present only in the median region of posterior margin and inclined toward the central protrusion; surface entirely smooth ( Figure 15C ). Ovipositor as in the Figure 13C . Other characters as in male. Sexual dimorphism. hf ♀ / hf ♂ 1.22. Measurements (mm). ♂ (n=14). bd 14.95–16.80 (15.95), pr 1.90–2.18 (2.04), tg 7.79–9.79 (8.85), hf 8.96– 13.09 (11.86), ht 9.31–13.52 (12.37); ♀ (n=1). bd 23.24, pr 2.32, tg 7.53, hf 14.46, ht 15.65. T. latens ( holotype ♂ ). bd 15.00, pr 2.15, tg 9.30, hf 12.70, ht ? ( Rehn & Rehn 1942 ); T. latens ( allotype ♀ ). bd 20.50, pr 2.55, tg 8.90, hf 15.00, ht ? ( Rehn & Rehn 1942 ); Intraspecific variation. Some males may exhibit only one carina well marked on the subgenital plate and the lateral portions of the 9 th abdominal tergite yellow. The R vein of the tegmen can be bifurcated in Ra and Rp . Material examined. Brazil : Goiás state: 1 ♂ — Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 30.IX.1986 (Bandeira, M.P.S. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]; 2 ♂ — Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 30.IX.1986 (Pamplona, L. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]; 2 ♂ — Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 01.X.1986 (Bandeira, M.P.S. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]; 2 ♂ — Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 01.X.1986 (Pamplona, L. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]; 9 ♂ and 1 ♀ — Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 01.X.1986 (Rocha, I.R. col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]; 2 ♂ — Brasil , Goiás , SAMA, Minaçú, 31.X.1986 (Ivone col.)\ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2014 [UnB]; 1 ♂ —Serra da Mesa (Probably in the north of Goiás ), 4.XI.1996 (D. Halboth)\Caelifera, Acrididae \ T. latens Rehn & Rehn, 1942 , Olivier, R. det. 2015 [DZRJOrt0323]. Distribution. This species is known only from three localities, suggesting a distribution between the central and northwestern regions of Minas Gerais state and central and northern Goiás state, possibly occurring in southern Tocantins state ( Figure 22 ). No records exist for altitudes where specimens were collected. Previous records: Brazil : Minas Gerais : Lassance.