Annotated checklist and illustrated key to parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae Eulophidae and Pteromalidae) of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil
Author
Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio
0000-0003-4655-2591
shimbori @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4655 - 2591
shimbori@gmail.com
Author
Costa, Valmir Antonio
0000-0003-0122-3567
Instituto Biológico, Centro Avançado de Pesquisa em Proteção de Plantas e Saúde Animal, Alameda dos Vidoeiros 1097, 13101 - 680 Campinas, SP, Brasil. valmir. costa @ sp. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0122 - 3567
valmir.costa@sp.gov.br
Author
Zucchi, Roberto Antonio
0000-0001-9861-7460
razucchi @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9861 - 7460
razucchi@usp.br
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-09-29
4858
1
53
70
journal article
8447
10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.3
e414fcb2-3e3e-4388-8f1c-4aa374bb2a89
1175-5326
4411551
A2E85BBC-F1DA-41FE-B2A2-AA086F39186E
Trichopria anastrephae
Lima, 1940
(
Figs 1, 2
,
16
)
Diagnosis.
Body dark-brown to black, surface mostly smooth and polished except petiole. Fore wing fully developed, without closed cells; with complete, short, subcostal vein (=submarginal vein), ending in a short marginal vein (genus
Trichopria
). Female antennae 12-segmented, with 3-segmented clava; male antennae 14-segmented; flagellomeres long and pedunculate, swollen apically with long setae. Scutellum smooth, median carina absent; scutellar sulcus smooth and shallow. Body length 1.8–2.0 mm. Considering the Neotropical fauna,
Tr. anastrephae
is similar to
Trichopria peraffinis
(Ashmead)
, which is a much smaller species (~1.0 mm long), and presents a small pit on scutellum anteriorly (absent in
Tr. anastrephae
).
FIGURES 1–8.
1, 2,
Trichopria
sp.
aff.
anastrephae
,
head; 3,
Spalangia simplex
,
head; 4, 5,
Tetrastichus giffardianus
: 4, mesosoma dorsal and 5, fore wing; 6–8,
Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae
: 6, head, 7, mesosoma dorsal and 8, fore wing. Arrows indicating: point of insertion of the antenna (Figs 1–3, 6); submedian grooves on scutellum (Fig. 4); thickened marginal vein (Fig. 8). (bar = 0.1 mm)
Taxonomy.
Trichopria
is one of the largest genera in
Diapriidae
, and no revision including the Neotropical fauna has been published, making identification to species level difficult. For instance, there are at least two unidentified species of
Trichopria
that parasitize species of
Anastrepha
in the New World (
USA
and
Costa Rica
) (
Ovruski
et al.
2000
). Of the 12 species of
Trichopria
in
Brazil
(
Margaría 2020
), nine can be keyed out using
Kieffer’s (1910
;
1916
) identification keys in combination with original descriptions (
Fouts 1926
) or recent diagnosis (
Notton 2014
).
Trichopria catarinensis
Ferrière
is discarded because of its specialized biology, as parasitoid on
Ecitonini
(
Hymenoptera
,
Formicidae
). The remaining species,
Trichopria lamellifera
Ogloblin
could also be discarded based on host association with
Micropezidae
(
Diptera, Nerioidea
), and morphological differences such as the length of antennomeres and its setae in males being much longer in
T. anastrephae
(antennomere 4 ~
200 µm
and longest setae ~
300 µm
) than in
T. lamellifera
(
91 µm
and
98 µm
respectively), and females with much larger compound eyes (eye diameter ~5x longer than malar space in
T. anastrephae
compared to ~2.5x in
T. lamellifera
) (
Ogloblin 1934
).
Trichopria
is a diverse genus, with possibly a high number of undescribed species in the neotropics (Masner & García 2002). Therefore, caution is advised when using the identification key presented below. A revision of the genus is badly needed, for the Neotropical region.
Biology.
Trichopria anastrephae
is an endoparasitoid koinobiont on pupae of
Tephritidae
and less frequently on
Drosophilidae
, for example
Drosophila suzukii
(Matsumura) (Yoder 2007)
. Known
Tephritidae
hosts are
A. serpentina
and
A. fraterculus
in
Brazil
(
Lima 1940
and
Aguiar-Menezes
et al.
2001
, respectively) and
Ce.
capitata
in
Argentina
(
Turica & Mallo 1961
).
Biological control.
The potential of
Tr. anastrephae
as a biological agent has not been investigated in detail, although it is likely to be an important natural enemy of tephritids in
Brazil
, being the most common parasitoid species in star fruits (
Silva
et al.
2003
).
Distribution.
Brazil
and
Argentina
.
Distribution in
Brazil
(associated with tephritid species). BA (
Souza-Filho
et al.
2007
), CE (
Silva
et al.
2020
), GO (
Marchiori & Penteado-Dias 2001
), MG (
Silva
et al.
2003
), RJ (
Lima 1940
), SC (
Garcia & Corseuil 2004
), RS (
Cruz
et al.
2011
).