Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from the Eocene amber deposits of Cambay and Kutch Basins, India Author BICKEL, DANIEL J. Author MARTIN, JOHN Author AGNIHOTRI, PRIYA Author SINGH, HUKAM text Palaeoentomology 2022 2022-09-22 5 5 475 486 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.9 journal article 198283 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.9 fc56c1d1-9557-4dde-82aa-f662522f44c7 2624-2834 7333779 898F94B1-C5A2-4E2B-AFC9-FFDF41DB93AF Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758 Superfamily Empidoidea Latreille, 1804 Family Dolichopodidae Latreille, 1809 TABLE 1. Dolichopodidae in amber from the Cambay and Kutch Basins, Gujarat, India.

Inclusion #	Collection	Deposit	Subfamily	Genus	species	Notes	Photo	Figure
Tad-176	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Diaphorinae	x	♀	GIAM -008	2b
Tad-378	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Diaphorinae	x	♀, damaged	none
Tad-65	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Diaphorinae	x	x	♀	GIAM -003
Tad-177	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Diaphorinae	nr Chrysotus	x	♀	GIAM -009	2c-d
Tad-481	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Diaphorinae	x	x	♀	GIAM -015	2a
STB-0075-T12	BONN	Tadkeshwar	Diaphorinae ?	x	x	♂, obscured	GIAM-019	2e-f
Tad-67	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	incertae sedis	Gujaratmyia gen. nov.	rotunda sp. nov.	♂ Holotype	GIAM -002	4a-c
Tad-372	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	incertae sedis	Rajpardia gen. nov.	grimaldii sp. nov.	♂ Holotype+ other inclusions	GIAM -013	4d-f
Tad-66	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	♀	GIAM -001	4g
Tad-295	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	* damaged	GIAM -010
Tad-271	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	*♀, obscured, Collembola	none
Tad-401	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	♀, obscured, dried out	none
Tad-406	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	♀, damaged, dred out	none
Tad-447	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	? obscured	none
Tad-468	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	♀, (=Tad-77?]	none
Tad-498	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Medeterinae	x	x	♀, damaged (=Tad- 27?)	none
Um 12	AMNH	Umarsar	Medeterineae	x	x	♂, damaged	GIAM- 020
Um 10	AMNH	Umarsar	Neurigoninae?	x	x	♀, partial specimen, damaged	none
Tad-124	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♀ Paratype + Scelionidae	GIAM -004
173A	KU	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂ Paratype	GIAM -011	3d
Tad-476-B	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂ Holotype	GIAM -012	3a-b
Tad-476-A	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂ Paratype	GIAM -014	3c
Tad-448	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂	none
Tad-483	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂	none
Tad-165	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂	none
STB-306-T’09	BONN	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	cambayensis sp. nov.	♂, mostly obscured	none
Val 71	AMNH	Valia	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	sp.	♀, damaged	none
Tad-475	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	sp.	2 ♀?, ♀ Phoridae , damaged	none
Val 72	AMNH	Valia	Peloropeodinae	Palaeomedeterus Meunier	sp.	♂, damaged	none
Tad-359	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Sympycninae	x	x	♀, obscured	GIAM -018
Um - no number	AMNH	Umarsar	Sympycninae	x	x	♂, damaged but visible	GIAM- 021
Tad-486	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	Sympycninae	x	x	♀, damaged	none
Val 74	AMNH	Valia	Sympycninae	x	x	sex? damaged	none
Tad-165	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	unknown	x	x	♂, male, missing head	GIAM -007	5a-b
Tad-321b	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	unknown	x	x	♀	GIAM -017
Tad-41b	AMNH	Tadkeshwar	unknown	x	x	♀,? (badly damaged)	none
STB-307-T’09	BONN	Tadkeshwar	unknown	x	x	♂, obscured	none

FIGURE 2. Dolichopodidae undetermined. A , Left dorsal (GIAM - 015). Dolichopodidae undetermined. B , Male habitus, left dorsal (GIAM-008); Dolichopodidae : Diaphorinae , nr Chrysotus . C , Female head and thorax, anterior (GIAM - 009). D , Right ventral (GIAM - 009); Dolichopodidae undetermined. E , Male habitus, left lateral (GIAM-019). F , Hind legs and postabdomen (GIAM-019). The Dolichopodidae are one of five major lineages within the Diptera superfamily Empidoidea (for overviews of the family, see Bickel, 2009 and Grichanov & Brooks, 2017 ). Recently, the limits of the Dolichopodidae were expanded to include the Microphorinae and Parathalassiinae , both of which had been placed as subfamilies within the previously paraphyletic family Empididae ( Sinclair & Cumming, 2006 ) . This expanded concept of the Dolichopodidae is referred to as Dolichopodidae sensu lato ( i . e ., including the subfamilies Microphorinae and Parathalassiinae ) while the Dolichopodidae sensu stricto is equivalent to the more restricted traditional concept of Dolichopodidae . Both the Microphorinae and Parathalassiinae have plesiomorphic wing, antennal, and male postabdominal characters with respect to the Dolichopodidae s . s . and have a much longer fossil record. These two subfamilies appear to have been diverse in both Cretaceous and Baltic amber ( Cumming & Brooks, 2019 ; Shamshev & Perkovsky, 2022 ). By comparison, Dolichopodidae s . s . do not appear in the fossil record before the Paleogene period (a species described as lower Cretaceous Lebanon amber was apparently mislabeled and is from Baltic amber, see Appendix). What is remarkable here is that by the Eocene the Dolichopodidae s . s . show a high level of taxonomic diversity, with most modern subfamilies in place, and the family is abundant in many Cenozoic ambers ( e . g ., Baltic, Dominican and Mexican). This apparent rapid radiation is supported by molecular evidence, where mitochondrial and nuclear markers suggest a rapid differentiation of the subfamilies. Lim et al . (2010) found that genera that were difficult to place into subfamilies based on morphological characters were also difficult to place using molecular data.