A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records Author Zhang, Jinghuai Author Hutchings, Pat text Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-27 4611 1 1 70 journal article 26668 10.11646/zootaxa.4611.1.1 6f5e6228-cb60-4d34-94d4-637d8bfd59d7 1175-5326 3229987 178FED38-5FEA-417F-B5DC-807D943B641C Lagis portus n. sp. Figs 16–18 , Table 2 Material examined. Australia , New South Wales : Holotype : AM W.33199, Smiths Creek , 33°39’S 151°13’E , seagrass, coll. P.A. Hutchings , 30 Sep 2001 . Paratypes : AM W.32543, 3 specs, Pittwater , W of Sand Point , 33°35’45”S 151°18’25”E , 16 m , sandy mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 16 Sep 2004 ; AM W.51421, 1 spec. , Pittwater , W of Sand Point , 33°35’45”S 151°18’38”E , 16.9 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 2 Dec 2004 ; AM W.51416 and AM W.51417, 2 specs, Pittwater , W of Sand Point , 33°35’49”S 151°18’40”E , 17.6 m, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 16 Sep 2004 ; AM W.51418, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , W of airport runway 34R, 33°57’43”S 151°11’18”E , 7.6 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 1 Dec 2004 ; AM W.51419, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , W of airport runway 34R, 33°57’57”S 151°11’20”E , 13 m , mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 1 Dec 2004 ; AM W.51415, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , W of end of airport runway 34R, 33°57’58”S 151°11’18”E , 14.1 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings & K.B. Attwood , 15 Sep 2004 ; AM W.51420, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , E of end of airport runway 34R, 33°58’33”S 151°11’52”E , 18.1 m, mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 1 Dec 2004 ; AM W. 51393, 1 spec. (mounted for SEM ), E of Malabar , Sydney , 33°58’41”S 151°17’51”E , 80.5 m, coll. EPA - Malabar Deep Ocean Outfall Study ( DOOM ), 24 Feb 1998 . Other material examined. New South Wales : AM W.33198, 1 spec. , Pittwater , W of Sand Point , 33°35’49”S 151°18’50”E , 14.5 m, sandy mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 16 Sep 2004 ; AM W.28045, 1 spec. , Port Jackson , S of Gore Cove , 33°50’25”S 151°11’08”E , 14 m , fine sediment, coll. Australian Museum party - Sydney Ports Survey , 23 May 2001 ; AM W.28044, 1 spec. , Port Jackson , SW of Darling Harbour , 33°51’17”S 151°12’07”E , 12 m , fine sediment, coll. Australian Museum party, 16 May 2001 ; AM W.33197, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , W of airport runway 34R, 33°58’00”S 151°11’20”E , 14 m , mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 15 Sep 2004 ; AM W.33200, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , E of end of airport runway 34R, 33°58’38”S 151°12’09”E , 18 m , mud, coll. K.B. Attwood P.A. Hutchings & M.E. Stuckey , 31 Jul 2004 ; AM W.32611, 3 specs, Botany Bay , E of end of airport runway 34R, 33°58’44”S 151°11’53”E , 18 m , mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 31 Jul 2004 ; AM W.51413, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , E of end of airport runway 34R, 33°58’36”S 151°12’06”E , 18 m , mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 31 Jul 2004 ; AM W.32611, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , E of end of airport runway 34R, 33°58’44”S 151°11’53”E , 18 m , mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 31 Jul 2004 ; AM W.51414, 1 spec. , Botany Bay , E of end of airport runway 34R, 33°58’44”S 151°11’53”E , 18 m , mud, coll. P.A. Hutchings , K.B. Attwood & C. Fraser , 31 Jul 2004 . Additional material examined . Lagis bocki ( Hessle, 1917 ) . Japan : AM W.45878, 1 spec. , Minato-Mirai, Yokohama, Tokyo Bay, 35°28’N 139°28’E , coll. E. Nishi , 02 Jun 2011 . Description . Based on holotype and paratypes . Preserved specimens range from pale to black, body conical in shape ( Fig. 17A – B ). Body length 4.7 – 22.0 mm ( holotype 22.0 mm) including paleae and scaphe, width 0.5 – 4.5 mm ( holotype 4.5 mm) at cephalic regions. Cephalic veil circular-arched, connected to opercular lateral margin at base of 1 st pair of tentacular cirri, with 10 – 24 ( holotype 24) smooth cirri on anterior margin ( Figs 16A – B ; 17A – D ; 18B ). Pair of lateral ear-shaped lobes adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil. Long buccal tentacles with wide longitudinal grooves, arising posterior to cephalic veil ( Figs 16A – B ; 17A, D ; 18B ). Operculum semicircular; dorsal and lateral margins well developed, smooth; ventral margin (opercular ridge) with 10 – 13 ( holotype 13) pairs of golden paleae, curved dorsally, acute with extended tips ( Figs 16A – B ; 17A – C ; 18A ). First pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond tips of paleae, with annuli, arising from connection of opercular margin and paleal ridge ( Figs 16A – B ; 17B – D ; 18A – B ). Pair of small ventral lappets present posterior to 1 st pair of tentacular cirri ( Figs 16A – B ; 17C – D ). Second pair of tentacular cirri extending beyond opercular margin, with annuli, on latero-median connecting ridge on segment 2, inserted more dorsally than 1 st pair of tentacular cirri ( Figs 16A – B ; 17B – C ; 18A – B ). Segment 2 with ventral lobes as two pairs of ventro-lateral lobes and narrow mid-ventral lobe about 1/4 width of ventrolateral lobes; outer ventro-lateral lobes shorter than inner ventro-lateral lobes, and separated by shallow grooves from base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri ( Figs 16A – B ; 17A, D ). Segment 2 without dorsal lobe. FIGURE 16. Lagis portus n. sp. Holotype (AM W.33199): A. Ventral view of anterior end; B. Lateral view of anterior end; C. Lateral view of posterior end; D. Dorsal view of scaphe; E. Scaphal hooks; F. Lateral view of notochaeta from anterior row; G. Anterior view of notochaeta from posterior row; H. Uncinus. Abbreviations: ac, anal cirrus; af, anal flap; br, branchiae; bt, buccal tentacles; cv, cephalic veil; dlp, dorso-lateral pad; lel lateral ear-shaped lobe; nec, neurochaetae; noc, notochaetae; op, operculum; or, opercular rim; p, paleae; s, segment; sc, scaphe; sh, scaphal hooks; tc, tentacular cirri; vl, ventral lappet. Comb-like branchiae on segments 3 – 4, consisting of series of dense, flat lamellae ( Figs 16A – B ; 17B – C ; 18A – B ). Branchiae on segment 3 larger and inserted more ventrally than those on segment 4. Pair of small dorso-lateral glandular pads present adjacent to branchiae on segment 3 ( Figs 16A – B ; 17B – C ; 18A ). FIGURE 17. Lagis portus n. sp. Methyl Green stained body of Holotype (AM W.33199): A. Ventral view of entire body; B. Lateral view of entire body; C. Lateral view of anterior end; D. Close up of opercula; E. Tube; F. Lateral view of posterior end; G–H. Close up of anal flap; I. Scaphal hooks. Paratype AM W.51416: Abbreviations: ac, anal cirrus; af, anal flap; br, branchiae; bt, buccal tentacles; ccv, cirri of cephalic veil; cv, cephalic veil; dlp, dorso-lateral pad; op, operculum; or, opercular rim; p, paleae; s, segment; sc, scaphe; sh, scaphal hooks; tc, tentacular cirri; vl, ventral lappet. Distinct ventral glandular lobes present on segments 3 – 6, becoming progresively more lateral and broader on segments 3 – 5 ( Figs 16A ; 17C – D ). Hump present near branchiae on segment 4. Segment 3 with pair of ventrolateral lobes and a mid-ventral lobe; mid-ventral lobe almost same width as ventro-lateral lobes, curved anteriorly at mid-line. Segment 4 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by deep grooves. Segment 5 with pair of ventro-lateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/3 width of lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves. Segment 6 with pair of broad ventrolateral lobes and mid-ventral lobe about 1/2 width of ventro-lateral lobes, separated from those by shallow grooves; mid-ventral lobe with pair of anterior pads, separated from each other by medial groove ( Figs 16 A–B; 17A–C). FIGURE 18. Lagis portus n. sp. SEM (Paratype AM W.51393): A. Lateral view of anterior end; B. Ventro-lateral view of anterior end; C. Ventro-lateral view of posterior end; D. Dorso-lateral view of posterior end; E. Close up of anal flap; F. Notochaetae; G. Uncini; H. Scaphal hooks. Abbreviations: ac, anal cirrus; af, anal flap; br, branchiae; bt, buccal tentacles; cv, cephalic veil; dlp, dorso-lateral pad; noc, notochaetae; op, operculum; p, paleae; sc, scaphe; sh, scaphal hooks; tc, tentacular cirri. Notopodia other than those of segment 1 which bear paleae, on segments 5 – 19 (15 pairs), each bearing two kinds of notochaetae; one winged from anterior row, bordered with serrations along distal portion, short, covered progressively with more spines from about middle to front of wing, on anterior surface; other from posterior row, chaetae long, stout, straight, tapering to an acute tip, covered progressively with more spines from mid-anterior portion to end, on anterior surface ( Figs 16F – G ; 17A – B ; 18F ). Neuropodia, 12 pairs on segments 8 – 19, each with slightly raising torus with transverse row of uncini; each uncinus with U-shaped anterior peg embedded into torus, several rows of minor teeth, and 4 – 5 longitudinal rows of major teeth, each with 6 – 7 teeth ( Figs 16H ; 17A, F ; 18G ). Segments 20 – 21 each with pair of lateral lobes without chaetae ( Figs 16C ; 17F ). Scaphe ovoidal, flattened dorsally, divided into anterior almost equal five lobes and small rounded lobe on each lateral margin ( Figs 16C – D ; 17A – B, F ; 18C – D ). Anal flap with short anal cirrus, consisting of roundedarched basal lobe and oblong tongue, latero-posterior and posterior margin crenulated ( Figs 16C – D ; 17F – H ; 18C – E ). Scaphal hooks 2 – 4 ( holotype four) pairs, amber, curved dorsally, with pointed tips, arranged in two oblique rows on dorsal margin of scaphe ( Figs 16E ; 17I ; 18H ). Tube with wide opening, straight, fragile wall made of yellow proteinaceous glue, sand grains and shells ( Fig. 17E ). Methyl Green stained body distinctly green on cirri of cephalic veil, ventral lobes of segments 2–6, base of 2 nd pair of tentacular cirri, dorso-lateral pads of segment 3, lateral lobes on segments 20–21, and ventro-lateral regions near posterior four pairs of lateral lobes on scaphe ( Fig. 17F ). Variation. Body length 3.5 – 22.0 mm including paleae and scaphe, width 0.5 – 4.5 mm at cephalic regions; 9 – 13 pairs of paleae; cephalic veil with 10 – 24 smooth cirri on anterior margin; scaphal hooks 2 – 4 pairs, usually two pairs. The number of cirri of cephalic veil, paleae and scaphal hooks significantly increase with body size ( Fig. 19 ). The number of cirri of cephalic veil varies more significantly with body size than the number of pairs of paleae and scaphal hooks ( Fig. 19 ). FIGURE 19. Relationship between body width and body length, number of cirri on cephalic veil, number of paleae, number of scaphal hooks for Lagis portus n. sp. Distribution. New South Wales ( Fig. 1 ). Habitat. Found in muddy or muddy sands from intertidal to 80.5 m depth. Etymology. The species is named from Latin word “ portus ” as the species was found in harbors and protected bays around Sydney. Remark. This represents the first record of the genus Lagis from Australian waters. Lagis portus n. sp. can be distinguished from other Lagis species by the following characters: cephalic veil connected to opercular lateral margin; 15 segments with notochaetae, plus notopodial palaea on segment 1 and 12 segments with neurochaeta; anal flap with round-arched basal lobe and long oblong tongue; a pair of dorso-lateral lobes on segment 3; anal flap with anal cirrus and crenulate margin; 2 – 4 pairs of scaphal hooks; 4 – 5 longitudinal rows of major teeth on the uncini (Table 2). Lagis portus n. sp. is very similar to L. bocki ( Hessle, 1917 ) described from Kobe Bay, Japan and shares the following characters: less than four pairs of strongly curved hooks and a crenulated margin of the anal flap. The new species differs from L. bocki as it typically has less than 20 cirri on the cephalic veil except for the holotype which has 24 cirri; fewer scaphal hooks (usually two pairs), with four pairs only present on larger specimens; broad dorsal margin of scaphe between scaphal hooks; anal flap with broadly rounded basal part and oblong tongue. In contrast, L. bocki has more (16 – 40) cirri on the cephalic veil, 3 – 4 pairs of scaphal hooks, a relatively narrow dorsal margin of scaphe between scaphal hooks and a long tongue-like anal flap. Nishi et al . (2014) described some material from Japan which they identified as L. bocki (although they did not examine any type material of Hessle) and they recorded 23–26 cirri on the cephalic veil, 3–4 pairs of scaphal hooks, and a long anal flap for material which varied between 10 – 15 mm in body length. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 (type locality: Stavanger Finnmark , Norway ), L. neapolitana ( Claparède, 1869 ) (type locality: Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean) and L. tenera Hartmann-Schröder, 1959 (type locality: La Herradura Estero Jaltepeque, El Salvador ) all have four pairs of scaphal hooks. Lagis portus n. sp. differs from L. koreni which has 3 – 4 longitudinal rows of major uncinial teeth and papillae on lateral margin of scaphe; L. neapolitana and L. tenera have smooth margins on the anal flap. Lagis portus n. sp. which has branchiae on segments 3 – 4, differs from L. abranchiata ( Fauvel, 1932 ) (type locality: Cochin Ernakulam, India ) and L. crenulatus Sun & Qiu 2012 (type locality: Hong Kong , China ) which both lack branchiae. For more details, see Table 2.