Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae) Author do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-5856 Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil dandorndias@gmail.com Author Sampronha, Stephanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3232 Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Santos, Charles Morphy D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-0799 Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-2651 Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil text Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 2022 2022-07-21 80 295 307 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673 1864-8312-80-295 BE39D533FE5242B7870A5D3B0764D4E2 1DD567A964C85543B6440317A9713FD7 Araripus crassitibialis sp. nov. Carmo and Sampronha Figs 5 , 6 Examined material. Holotype female : GP1e/8751 NE Brazil , Crato Formation , Aptian , Lower Cretaceous. Preservation. Preserved in dorsal view. Frons and occiput visible. Scutellum, notopleuron, one halter, foreleg preserved. Wings partially preserved. Tergites I-VII, tergite X and cercus visible. Diagnosis. The same as the genus. Description. Holotype female . Length 23.5 mm, wing 15.5 mm. - Head : hemispherical, narrower than thorax; scape oval, nearly as wide as long; frons appears divergent above; frontal callus absent; apparent callosity visible near the vertex; subcallus not inflated or pronounced; notopleuron robust and well developed. - Thorax : scutum and scutellum visible, the former much longer than wide. - Legs : fore tibia inflated. - Wings : vein Sc very long, inserting in C very close to R1, with few visible setae; pterostigma small, barely visible; R2+3 very sinuous, inserting in C parallel to R4 and forming a 90° angle; vein R4 strongly angled and without an appendix; cell r5 open; vein M1 sub-parallel to M2; M3 diverging from M2; vein r-m inclined towards wing base; m-cu inserted very close to the origin of R4; wing ca. 3 times longer than wide. - Abdomen : nearly twice the length of the thorax. - Terminalia : Tergite X appears to be undivided; cercus two-segmented. Etymology. From latin, crassus (tick) + tibia (leg), in reference to the enlarged tibia. Comments. The inflated tibia is present in several species from different tabanid genera, especially in the Chrysopsinae and Tabaninae subfamilies ( Coscaron and Papavero 2009a ), but had not been previously recorded for Cretaceous species. As in Cratotabanus , the female terminalia in Araripus gen. nov. has a two-segmented cercus. This is absent from every extant horse flies; in fact, the presence of a one-segmented cercus is synapomorphy of a clade formed by Athericidae + Tabanidae ( Yeates 2002 ). Figure 5. Araripus crassitibialis gen. nov. et sp. nov. Holotype female. A Habitus, preserved in dorsal view. B Head. C Terminalia. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (C). Figure 6. Araripus crassitibialis gen. nov et sp. nov. Holotype female. A Illustration of habitus. B Wing venation. C Terminalia. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C).