Order Carnivora Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1 532 628 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316519 Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus 1758) [Phoca] leonina Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 37 . Type Locality: "ad polum Antarcticum" restricted by Thomas (1911 a ) to "Juan Fernandez", further restricted by Hamilton (1940) as " Isla Mas a Tierra" [ Chile ] . Vernacular Names: Southern Elephant Seal . Synonyms: Mirounga crosetensis (Lydekker 1909) ; Mirounga falclandica ( Peters 1875 ) ; Mirounga kerguilensis ( Peters 1875 ) ; Mirounga macquariensis (Lydekker 1909) ; Mirounga typicus (Lydekker 1909) . Distribution: Circumpolar mainly in the subantarctic zone, including Antarctica, Macquarie, Kerguelen, S Georgia Isls, and Argentina (Peninsula Valdez). Vagrant populations recorded at Australia , Brazil , Chile , Mauritius , Mozambique , Namibia , New Zealand , Oman , Uruguay . Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Lower Risk (lc). Discussion: Reviewed by Ling and Bryden (1992) . Synonyms allocated according to Bryden (1995) . Subspecies not recognized, following Lönnberg (1910); however see Carrick et al. (1962) .