DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species Author Olmi, Massimo 147A9DA2-415F-4E17-8546-DEEEAB9230A9 Tropical Entomology Research Center, Via De Gasperi 10, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. olmimassimo@gmail.com Author Chen, Hua-Yan CDB89961-BBC3-412B-BE7F-B3B9E290B991 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China. huayanc@scbg.ac.cn Author Guglielmino, Adalgisa 1EAE4622-8F64-484C-B439-76F9838F936F Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. guglielm@unitus.it Author Ødegaard, Frode 31BDDDCD-CA33-403F-AC01-2C769ADD08D4 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Natural History, NO- 7491 Trondheim, Norway. frode.odegaard@ntnu.no Author Vollaro, Massimo 133EA7D3-0560-4CF2-973F-815E3F10CD32 Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. vollaro@unitus.it Author Capradossi, Leonardo 3F870526-E9B2-4318-A094-1533029AB6D3 Via Pericle Scriboni 28, 01017 Tuscania, Italy. leonardocapradossi.lc@gmail.com Author Liu, Jing-Xian 9465CC48-7A17-405A-AB27-2575A603AA3A Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. liujingxian@scau.edu.cn text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-02-14 794 1 40 71 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653 journal article 20674 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653 df2404bb-d36e-468c-83a5-88b72d6b9b80 2118-9773 6078154 9527C4A6-E37C-450B-9BB1-B080CAFBA95F Aphelopus zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 730357C7-2449-42BE-99A6-6DBFFE97DC67 Figs 7 , 8D Diagnosis Male with head black, except mandible testaceous; notauli complete ( Fig. 7B ) or almost complete ( Fig. 7F ), posteriorly separated; distivolsella in the form of a long straight rod ( Fig. 8D ); basivolsella long and narrow, with distal apex very widened ( Fig. 8D ). Etymology The species is named after the late Prof. Zaifu Xu (SCAU), a famous specialist of Chinese Dryinidae . Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂ ; Yunnan , Dali , Yunlong County , Tianchi ; 25.854158° N , 99.239927° E ; 2933 m a.s.l. , 14–28 Jun. 2020 ; You-Jing Gong leg.; MT ; SCAU 3042343 ( SYSBM ). Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♂ ; Yunnan , Dali , Mt Cangshan ; 25°41′16″ N , 100°8′33″ E ; 25 May 2009 ; Jie Zeng leg.; SCAU 3040717 ( SYSBM ) • 1 ♂ ; Dali Dist. , Mt Cangshan , 25.66723° N , 100.14762° E ; 2300 m a.s.l. ; 31 May 2020 ; MT ; SCAU 3042339 ( SYSBM ) . Description Male Fully winged ( Fig. 7A ); length 2.0 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown-black; mesosoma and metasoma black; fore and mid leg yellow, except club of femur brown; hind leg yellow, except part of coxa, club of femur and tibia brown. Antenna filiform, with setae about as long as breadth of antennomeres; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:5:5:6:6:7:7:7:7:10; length/breadth ratio of ninth antennomere: 7:2. Head ( Fig. 7C–D ) dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete, present only in anterior half of frons; POL = 5; OL = 3; OOL = 3; OPL = 2; TL = 3; greatest breadth of lateral ocelli about as long as OPL; occipital carina complete. Mesoscutum ( Figs 7B, F ) dull, granulate. Notauli complete ( Fig. 7B ) or nearly complete ( Fig. 7F ), posteriorly separated; minimum distance between notauli slightly shorter than POL (4:5). Mesoscutellum shiny, very slightly granulate. Mesopleuron and metapleuron shiny, unsculptured. Metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity with two longitudinal keels and median area shiny, unsculptured. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Distivolsella in form of long straight rod ( Fig. 8D ); basivolsella long and narrow, with two medial bristles and distal apex very widened ( Fig. 8D ); distal apex of aedeagus not tridentate ( Fig. 8D ). Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Fig. 7. Aphelopus zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. A–E . Holotype, ♂ (SCAU 3042343). A . Habitus, dorsal view. B . Mesosoma, dorsal view. C . Head, dorsal view. D . Head, frontal view. E . Head and mesosoma, lateral view. F . Paratype, ♂ (SCAU 3042339), mesosoma, dorsal view. Fig. 8. Male genitalia: A . Aphelopus incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. , ♂, holotype. B . Aphelopus maculiala Olmi, Chen & Ødegaard sp. nov. , ♂, holotype. C . Aphelopus taianensis Olmi, Ødegaard & Chen sp. nov. , ♂, holotype. D . Aphelopus zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. , ♂, paratype. E . Aphelopus spadiceus Xu & He , ♂ from China, Sichuan, Wolong. F . Aphelopus serratus Richards, 1939 , ♂ from Leicester (England, UK). Right half removed. Female Unknown. Remarks The distivolsella in the form of a long straight rod indicates that the new species is different from all known Aphelopus species , except A. serratus Richards, 1939 , from the Palaearctic region. However, in A. zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. the basivolsella has a widened apex ( Fig. 8D ), whereas in A. serratus it has a slender apex ( Fig. 8F ). Following the description of A. zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. , the key to males of Oriental Aphelopus published by Xu et al . (2013) should be modified by replacing couplet 1 as follows: 1. Distivolsella in the form of a long straight rod ( Fig. 8D ); basivolsella long and narrow, with distal apex very widened ( Fig. 8D ) ..................................................... A. zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. – Distivolsella and basivolsella with different shape ( Fig. 8A–B ) ..................................................... 1’ 1’. Mesosoma and metasoma totally testaceous, except petiole black ........... A. borneanus Olmi, 1984 – Mesosoma and metasoma partly or totally black or brown .............................................................. 2