A synopsis of the genus Stryphnodendron (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) Author Scalon, Viviane Renata 0000-0001-7000-6641 Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Herbário OUPR. Campus Morro do Cruzeiro s. n., 35400 - 000, Ouro Preto / MG, Brazil. vrscalon @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7000 - 6641 vrscalon@gmail.com Author Paula-Souza, Juliana De Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Botânica / CCB. Rua Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira 216, 88040 - 535, Florianópolis / SC, Brazil. Author Lima, Alexandre Gibau De Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ. Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418 - 900, Piracicaba / SP, Brazil. & Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 2040, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, Brazil. alegibau @ gmail. com. Author Souza, Vinicius Castro Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ. Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418 - 900, Piracicaba / SP, Brazil. text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-05-03 544 3 227 279 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.544.3.1 journal article 55680 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.3.1 f125f93d-3a5b-48a3-9561-4ebee258e3d6 1179-3163 6520280 9. Stryphnodendron fissuratum E.M.O.Martins (1980: 730) . — Type: BRAZIL . Mato Grosso , “ Habitat ad Município Barra do Garças , 265 km NNE de Xavantina , Serra do Roncador ”, s.d. , G. Eiten & L. Eiten 8956 ( holotype SP 129687!, isotypes K!, NY !) Trees 5–20(–32) m tall, rhytidome suberous; 1 pair of nectaries present on the branch right below the insertion of the petiole (a nectary at each side), slightly verruciform to depressed. Leaves with 4 pairs of pinnae, opposite; (4–)5–6 pairs of leaflets, opposite to subopposite; petiolar nectaries absent; leaflets 1.8–5.3 × 2.3–4 cm , apex usually slightly emarginate, sometimes round, rarely truncate or asymmetrically round, very rarely acute, margin flat, coriaceous, discolor, upper surface glabrous, velutinous only along the midrib, lower surface velutinous, unilateral tuft of trichomes on lower surface absent. Inflorescences of simple thyrsi; cymulae of geminate to ternate spikes, spikes 7–8 cm long; spike prophylls deciduous, not observed. Flowers monoclinous, whitish to greenish white, anther gland sessile. Fruit a nucoid legume, cochleate, subturgid, 8–10 × 3– 3 cm , valves woody, light-brown yellowish and ferruginouspulverulent, glabrescent. Vernacular names: — Rosquinha, Barbatimão ( Brazil , Mato Grosso ). Distribution and habitat: — Stryphnodendron fissuratum was originally described as having a restricted distribution in northern Mato Grosso state in Brazil ( Martins 1980a , 1980b and 1981 ), being usually found in cerradão and semideciduous forests. This study expanded the species´s known distribution to the Lago do Cedro Extractive Reserve in Goiás state , and the Santa Cruz region in Bolivia , in a mosaic vegetation including semi-deciduous forests, wooded savannas and flooded savannas. The herbarium sampling of this species is rather scarce, and the labels frequently refer to it as being rare in the collecting sites. In addition to ecological issues that may be associated with the low frequency of the species, the anthropic factor seems to be contributing to its scarcity. The species is considered toxic to the cattle, as described at herbarium labels and from talks with locals during expeditions to Central Brazil , and further supported by toxicological studies ( Rodrigues et al. 2005 ), which leads farmers to cut individuals of this species indiscriminately. Conservation :—Near Threatened (NT) [AOO= 32.000 km 2 , EOO= 149,939.603 km 2 ] The area of occurrence of Stryphnodendron fissuratum is larger than that defined by IUCN (2012 , 2022 ) criteria to be considered an Endangered species. However, since it is commonly suppressed in areas used for pasture and is frequently referred as rare in its occurrence sites, the species is more adequately considered as.Near Threatened. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting specimens of Stryphnodendron fissuratum were registered in June, August and September. Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL . Goiás : Aruanã , Reserva Extrativista Lago do Cedro , 03 September 2013 , fr., R.F. Haidar 1733 ( CEN ) . Mato Grosso : Xavantina , Base Camp 2, ca. 5 km NW da base de campo, 26 September 1968 , fl., R.M. Harley & R. Souza 10273 ( RB ) .