Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato). Author Piotr Naskrecki text 2000 The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA book 10.5281/zenodo.270035 647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f 270035 Conocephalus (Xiphidion) ictus (Scudder, 1875) Figs. 1 D, 2D, 2I , 39C, 40B, Map 2 1875 Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 17: 461 >> Xiphidium ; type locality: Mexico ; type depository: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia – syntypes , males and females 1906 Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. 2: 281. >> Anisoptera 1912 Karny, Genera Insectorum 135: 8 >> Conocephalus (Neoxiphidion) ictus 1915b Rehn and Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 41: 250 >> Conocephalus ( Xiphidion ) [syn.] mexicanum = 1875 Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool. 2 ser 11: 208 >> Xiphidium ; type locality: Central America: Mexico ; type depository: Geneva 1915b Rehn and Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 41: 250 >> syn. of C. ictus Diagnostic description.— General characteristics as described above, body quite robust as for the genus; most individuals in Costa Rican population brachy- to mesopterous, less frequently fully macropterous. Stridulatory file of male 1.63 mm long, with 61 teeth, maximum width of file 68.5 μm ( Fig. 40 B); teeth of file thick, peg-like, nearly uniformly spaced along entire file. Left (upper) mirror of stridulatory apparatus as in Fig. 1 D, as long as or slightly longer than eye diameter. Fastigium of vertex as wide as 3/4 of scapus, its sides slightly divergent towards apex. Outer ventral edge of hind femur unarmed or armed with 1-3 minute, black spines. Male cercus as in Fig. 39 C; ovipositor only slightly shorter than hind femur (ratio ovipositor/hind femur 0.79-0.89), straight ( Fig. 2 D). Coloration .— General coloration pale green, dorsal band on head and pronotum very dark, often nearly black, bordered by two thin, lighter stripes; posterior half of abdomen in male yellow to reddish-brown, cerci yellow to light brown; abdomen in females usually green or faintly yellowish. Measurements .— Table 2 . Bioacoustics.— The call of C. ictus is similar to that of C. cinereus , and consists of two parts: a train of continuous buzz followed by a series of short, individual chirps (in C. cinereus the sequence is reversed and the buzz always follows the individual chirps) ( Fig. 51 A-B). At 32°C the continuous buzzes last 1.68- 13.86 s (avrg. 6.15±4.05, n=17) and consist of pulses (chirps) produced at the rate of 18- 19/s, with each pulse lasting 50-54 ms (avrg. 51.2±0.7, n=30). The slow series last 0.57- 2.79 s (avrg. 1.64±0.68, n=13) and consist of 3-6 individual pulses produced at the rate of 2.8-3/s. Within the audible part of the call most energy is allocated between 10 and 17 kHz. Distribution. — This species has been recorded from most of Mexico , Guatemala , Nicaragua , and northern Costa Rica ( Map 2 ). Material examined. — COSTA RICA : Alajuela Prov. , 11.5 mi . NE Esparta on Pan. Amer. Hwy., 5 October 1961 (coll. Hubbell, Cantrall, Cohn) - 6 males ( UMMZ ); Guanacaste Prov. , 15.3 mi . SE Las Cañas on Pan. Amer. Hwy., 5 October 1961 (coll. Hubbell, Cantrall, Cohn) - 3 males ( UMMZ ); Estac. Cacao, SW side Volcán Cacao, elev. 1000 - 1400 m , 15 March 1988 (coll. GNP Biodiv. Survey) - 1 male ( INBio ); same locality, elev. 1000 - 1400 m , 15 April 1988 (coll. GNP Biodiv. Survey) - 1 male ( INBio ); Los Almendros, P.N. Guanacaste , 8 - 20 November 1993 (coll. E. Lopez) - 1 male ( INBio ); Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Santa Rosa National Park, 21 - 24 August 1999 (coll. P. Naskrecki, D. Otte, G. Morris) - 1 male ( PN collection); GUATEMALA : San Marcos , Finca La Paz near La Reforma, elev. 1280 m , 3 May 1956 (coll. T.H. Hubbell) - 1 male , 1 female ( UMMZ ); same locality, elev. 1054 m , 5 May 1956 (coll. T.H. Hubbell) - 1 male ( UMMZ ); Honduras : Progreso , 19 March 1923 (coll. T.H. Hubbell) - 1 male ( UMMZ ); MEXICO : - 2 males , 2 females ( ANSP , UMMZ ); Sinaloa , Los Mochis, 2 - 10 December 1917 (coll. J.A. Kusche) - 1 male ( ANSP ); same locality, 21 December 1917 (coll. J.A. Kusche) - 1 male ( ANSP ); Venvidio, 15 August 1918 (coll. J.A. Kusche) - 1 female ( ANSP ); Villa Union, 27 September 1918 (coll. J.A. Kusche) - 1 female ( ANSP ).