Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 53278 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena urieli sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 82E29AF5-6DE2-4561-B7F1-4B88170DBDF6 Figs 1D–F , 13–15 , 52 Differential diagnosis The epigynal plate in A . urieli sp. nov. is broad, more than two thirds of epigastric furrow length, globular, anteriorly projected and ventrally compressed ( Figs 13C, F , 14E–F ), epigynum anterior half with two deep pits ( Figs 14E (arrow), F, 15G (arrow), H). Similar epigyna are found in A. triangularis sp. nov. , but differ from those in A.urieli sp. nov. by their anterior projection being ventrally distended, the shape of the anterior pits, and the path of the copulatory ducts extremely short ( Figs 14A–B , 15G– H ). Males of A. urieli sp. nov. are differentiated from those of related species by their ventral tegular projection base being bifurcated with a process shaped like a bird head ( Figs 14A , 15A (arrows)), and from A. triangularis sp. nov. by the smaller basal projection of the cymbium ( Figs 14C–D , 15D (arrows)), the ventral tegular projection of the retrolateral margin with a transparent cuticular edge, the narrower RTA posterior branch ( Figs 14A, C–F , 15A, C–F ), and the smaller coxa II tubercle ( Fig. 15E–F ). Etymology The species epithet is dedicated to Uriel Garcilazo-Cruz, Mexican arachnologist, and former member of the second author’s lab. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀ ; Veracruz , San Andres Tuxtla , Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas IB-UNAM ; 18.58225° N , 95.07558° W ; alt. 217– 172 m ; 16–22 May 2016 ; Aracnolab team leg.; primary tropical wet forest; LUP ; CNAN-T01542 . Allotype MEXICO • ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; 20–27 Nov. 2017 ; CNAN-T01521 . Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for allotype; BEAT ; CNAN-T01582 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; BEAT ; CNAN-T01581 . Additional material MEXICO • 3 ♀♀ , 2 ♂♂ ; Veracruz , San Andres Tuxtla , Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas IB-UNAM ; 18.58225° N , 95.07558° W ; alt. 217– 172 m ; 16–22 May 2016 ; Aracnolab team leg.; primary tropical wet forest; BEAT • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM073 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM074 • 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM083 • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUD • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP ; ANYM077 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM080 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM081 • 3 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM084 • 3 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM075 • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM078 • 1 ♀ , 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; 20–27 Nov. 2017 ; BEAT • 2 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM076 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM082 • 2 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM079 • 1 ♀ , 2 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; 9–16 Feb. 2018 ; BEAT • 4 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP . Fig. 13. Anyphaena urieli sp. nov. A–D . Holotype, ♀ (CNAN-T01542). E . Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01582). F . Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01581). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Prosoma, anterior view. F . Epigynum, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C= 1.0 mm; D–E= 0.5 mm; F =0.2 mm. Description Female Total length 5.0. Carapace yellow, ocular area slightly darker, pattern with two darker longitudinal brown parallel bands around cephalic area and fovea, clypeus yellow ( Fig. 13A, D ). Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium brown, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites yellow, rectangular, slightly broader at tip ( Fig. 13C ). Chelicerae yellow, paturon dorsum without pattern ( Fig. 13B, D ), promargin with five teeth, retromargin with eight to nine denticles. Leg coloration: yellow, darker from distal section of femora to tarsi. Abdomen yellow, hirsute, dorsal pattern brown, surface delineated with wide band and several chevrons over posterior central half, anterior central half without this pattern, brown pattern of lateral surfaces only at top, lateral sides and ventral surface white covered with faint darker spots, tracheal spiracle at middle ( Fig. 13A–C ). Copulatory openings under straight hood slightly projected at center. Copulatory ducts sclerotized, short, slightly curved, entering spermathecae on lateral surfaces. Seminal receptacles in anterior third in copulatory ducts inconspicuous. Fertilization ducts short, straight, and emerging from lateral surfaces of spermathecae ( Figs 14E–F , 15G–H ). Cephalothorax length 2.24, thoracic width 1.8, cephalic width 0.97. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME– AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.04, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.09. Femur lengths: I 2.58, II 2.42, III 1.81, IV 2.65. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-2-1, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v1-1-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Fig. 14. Anyphaena urieli sp. nov. A–D . Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01582). E–F . Paratype, ♀ (CNAN- T01581). A . Pedipalp, ventral view. B . Pedipalp, prolateral view. C . Pedipalp, dorsal view. D . Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E . Epigynum, ventral view. F . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Fig. 15. Anyphaena urieli sp. nov. A–F . Paratype, ♂ (CNAN-T01582). G–H . Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01581). A . Pedipalp, ventral view. B . Pedipalp, prolateral view. C . Pedipalp, dorsal view. D . Pedipalp, retrolateral view. E . Coxae, ventral view. F . Coxae, lateral view. G . Epigynum, ventral view. H . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, G–H =0.2 mm; E–F =1.0 mm. Male Total length 5.8. Cephalothorax and abdomen coloration as in female ( Fig. 13E ). Chelicerae retromargin with eleven to twelve denticles. Coxa III tubercle roughly rectangular with posterior apical spur. Coxa IV with a long, curled spur curved at tip ( Fig. 15E–F ). Median apophysis hook-shaped in ventral view. Embolus long, translucent and filiform ( Figs 14A , 15A ). RTA anterior branch curved with sclerotized margin, apical edge of posterior branch of RTA with two triangular tips ( Figs 14A, C–D , 15A, C–D ). Palpal tibia prolateral apophysis small, conical ( Figs 14B–C , 15B–C ). Pedipalp tibia proportion slightly longer than wide, stridulatory ridges extending from ventral branch of median tegular apophysis to tibial distal margin ( Figs 14A–B, D , 15A–B, D ). Cephalothorax length 2.54, thoracic width 2.05, cephalic width 0.9. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters: AME 0.07, ALE 0.17, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.05, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.09. Femur lengths: I 3.24, II 2.9, III 2.19, IV 3.1. Leg spination as in female except: femur I p0-1-2. Femur II p0-1-2. Metatarsus II r1-1-0. Femur III r0-0-1. Tibia III v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0. Femur IV r0- 1-1. Tibia IV p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Variation Females (N= 10): total length 5.83 (± 0.44), cephalothorax length 2.43 (± 0.14), thoracic width 1.86 (± 0.11), cephalic width 0.99 (± 0.05), femur I 2.89 (± 0.33). Males (N=10): total length 5.48 (± 0.3), cephalothorax length 2.44 (±0.1), thoracic width 1.99 (± 0.07), cephalic width 0.88 (± 0.03), femur I 3.15 (± 0.16). Distribution This species is found in primary tropical wet forest ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Most specimens were collected over vegetation by direct searching and beating vegetation.