Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XII. Pandinurus hangarale sp. n. (Scorpionidae) from Somaliland and a review of type locality and true distribution of Pandinurus smithi (Pocock, 1897) Author Kovařík, František Author Lowe, Graeme Author Mazuch, Tomáš Author Awale, Ahmed Ibrahim Author Jana text Euscorpius 2017 253 1 18 journal article 1536-9307 C9001155-0DF4-400A-B36B-D47538BF4972 Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . ( Figs. 1–25 , 28–35 , 37 , Table 1 ) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6E 336AC-8C6E-4097-8DD3-BDD406FABA51 ? Scorpio smithii Pocock, 1897: 398–400 (in part). ? Pandinus ( Pandinus ) smithi : Pocock, 1900: 58 (in part). TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY . Somaliland , Toon village near Hargeisa , 09°23'30"N 44°07' 10"E , 1272 m a.s.l. ; FKCP . TYPE MATERIAL . Somaliland , Toon village near Hargeisa , 09°23'30"N 44°07'10"E , 1272 m a.s.l. ( Locality No. 17SE , Figs. 24–25 ), 8. February 2017 , 1♂ ( holotype , ecdysis 9.VII.2017 , Figs. 1–22 , 28–35 , DNA No. 1282), 2juvs. alive ( paratypes , ecdysis 2.VII.2017 , Fig. 23 ), leg. F. Kovařík et T . Mazuch ; south of Qool-Cadday , between Hargeisa and Salahle , Woqooyi Galbeed , 09°11'56"N 44°09'50"E , 18. January 2015 , 1juv. ( paratype ), leg . T . Mazuch. ETYMOLOGY. Hangarale means 'a big black scorpion' in Somali language. DIAGNOSIS. Total length 95 mm . Color uniformly reddish black to black including legs. Chelicerae brown, reticulate, with black fingers and anterior margin. Carapace lacking carinae and sparsely granulated. External trichobothria on patella number 18–19 (5 eb , 5–6 esb , 2 em , 3 est , 3 et ); ventral trichobothria on patella number 34–40, internal trichobothria on chela number 3, accessory external trichobothrium ea on chela absent, ventral trichobothria on chela number 11–13. Pedipalp densely hirsute, mainly on chela. Granules on dorsal surface of chela of pedipalp conical and pointed. Lobe of chela granulated with the same intensity as whole dorsal surface of chela. External surface of chela granulate and without carinae. Internal surface of chela smooth, with conical granules in anterior part. Chela of male length/ width ratio is 1.59. Pectinal teeth number 19–22. Dorsal carinae on first through fourth metasomal segments granulate and terminate in a larger tooth most conspicuous on fourth segment. Spiniform formula of tarsomere II = 7/4: 8/4-5: 8-9/5: 8-9/5-6. Tarsomere II with 2 or 3 spines on inclined anteroventral surface. Length to width ratio of male 5th metasomal segment = 2.23. DESCRIPTION. Coloration ( Figs. 22–23 ). The base color is uniformly reddish black to black including legs, telson lighter in specimens shortly after ecdysis, chelicerae brown. Pedipalps ( Figs. 5–14 ). The pedipalps are densely hirsute, mainly on chela. The femur is smooth with several strong granules dorsally and bears four carinae composed of several strong granules. The patella is smooth and rugose, there are five carinae, mainly the dorsal are composed of large granules. The granules on the dorsoexternal surface of chela of pedipalp are conical and pointed. The margin of lobe of chela granulated with the same intensity as the whole lobe of chela. The internal surface of chela smooth in posterior part, with conical granules in anterior part and two short carinae indicated only. The dentate margins of movable and fixed fingers of the pedipalp with distinct granules in a two parallel rows present in anterior half of the fingers. Posterior half of fingers almost without granules in male. Trichobothriotaxy . External trichobothria on the patella number 18–9 (5 eb , 5–6 esb , 2 em , 3 est , 3 et ); accessory external trichobothrium ea on chela absent, ventral trichobothria on patella number 34–40; internal trichobothria on chela number 3, ventral trichobothria on chela number 11–13. Figures 1–2: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) aspects. Scale bar: 10 mm. Metasoma and telson ( Figs. 15–17 ). The metasomal segments I–IV each bear a total of 8 carinae of which the ventral submedians on segment I are obsolete or missing; lateral median carinae are indicated on segments I–IV by incomplete rows of granules; ventral submedian carinae on segments I–III are smooth. Other carinae are sparsely granulated. Segment V has five carinae developed and granulated. The dorsal and lateral surfaces of the segments are rugose with several granules, segments IV–V are more granulated. The dorsal carinae on segments I–IV are sparsely granulate and terminate in a larger tooth most conspicuous on third and fourth segments. The entire metasoma and telson are sparsely hirsute with long setae. The telson is rugose, bulbous, with the aculeus shorter than vesicle. Figures 3–10: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype, pedipalp segments. Chela dorsal (3), external (4) and ventrointernal (5). Patella dorsal (6), external (7) and ventral (8). Femur and trochanter dorsal (9) and ventral (10). Trichobothrial pattern is indicated. Carapace and mesosoma ( Figs. 11–12 ). The entire carapace is smooth in the middle, sparsely to densely covered by granules medially and posteriorly. The anterior margin of the carapace is bilobate, strongly emar- ginate medially, and bears several macrosetae. The tergites are finely granulated, more so in the male. The pectinal tooth count is 19 in the male, 20–22 in the juveniles. The pectine marginal tips extend to the first quarter of the fourth sternite in the male. The sternites are smooth, without carinae, but with two longitudinal furrows. Chelicerae ( Figs. 13–14 ). Movable finger dorsal edge with one large subdistal ( sd ) denticle; ventral edge smooth; ventral distal ( vd ) denticle longer than prominent dorsal ( dd ) denticle. Fixed finger with four denticles, median ( m ) and basal ( b ) denticles conjoined on common trunk; no ventral accessory denticles present. Figures 11–14: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype. Carapace and tergites I–III (11), coxosternal area and sternites III–IV (12), left chelicera ventral (13) and dorsal (14). Legs ( Figs. 18–21 ). All legs without distinct carinae and smooth. The tarsomeres are hirsute with setae and macrosetae. Spiniform formula of tarsomere II = 7/4: 8/4-5: 8-9/5: 8-9/5-6. Tarsomere II with 2 or 3 spiniform setae on inclined anteroventral surface. Hemispermatophore . ( Figs. 28–33 ). Lamelliform. Distal lamina long, section distal to hook slightly constricted, straight throughout most of its length, internally angled 12° relative to trunk axis. Apex of distal lamina with a short, curved section starting with a deflection in the external direction at 37° relative to axis of straight section, tapering to a narrow tip. Short, robust hook projecting distally near base of internal margin of distal lamina. Proximal section of distal lamina below hook much shorter than distal section above it, with deep dorsal trough bordered internally by a thick ridge that connects to the base of the hook. Median lobe broad, rounded, without any distinct ridge. Internobasal reflection of sperm duct elongate, wide at base, becoming a narrower tube distally. Proximal lobe parabolic in profile. Basal lobe blunt, rounded, symmetric in profile, pointing towards distal direction. Trunk relatively short, broad, gradually tapered towards base, with weak but well defined diagonal axial rib. Measurements (mm) ( holotype ): distal lamina: total L 10.93; oblique L distal to hook 8.12; straight section L 7.12, W 1.17 ; proximal section (truncal flexure to hook base) L 2.76, W 1.51 ; trunk L 3.92; foot L 2.66. Morphometric ratios: distal lamina straight section L/ W 6.09 ; distal lamina ratio of L distal to hook/ L proximal to hook 2.94, W distal to hook/ W proximal to hook 0.77; distal lamina total L/ trunk L 2.79. Figures 15–21: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype. Figures 15–17 . Metasoma and telson lateral (15), dorsal (16), and ventral (17) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. Figures 18–21 . Tarsomeres I and II of left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspects. Figures 22–23: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , in vivo habitus. Male holotype shortly after ecdysis (22) and juvenile paratype (23). Figure 24–25: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , the type locality. Photo taken on 8. February 2017. In addition to P. hangarale sp . n . the first author recorded at this locality Gint calviceps ( Pocock, 1900 ) and Parabuthus heterurus Pocock, 1897 . Figures 26–27: Pandinurus smithi ( Pocock, 1897 ) . Figure 26 . Female lectotype and original labels. Scale bar: 10 mm for the female lectotype. Figure 27. Male, at the locality, Ethiopia, 55 km S of Degehbur, 07°49'27.2"N 43°41'56.3"E, 1053 m a.s.l. Figures 28–29: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype, left hemispermatophore. Dorsal (convex) (28) and ventral (concave) (29) views. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figures 30–31: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype, left hemispermatophore, capsule region. Dorsal (convex) (30) and ventral (concave) (31) cross-stereoscopic views. Scale bar: 500 µm. Label abbreviations: bl , basal lobe; dt , dorsal trough; h , hook; ibr , internobasal reflection of sperm duct (= median transverse trough); il , inner lobe, ml , median lobe; tf , truncal flexure (= median transverse cleavage). Figures 32–33: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype, left hemispermatophore, capsule region. Internal (sperm duct margin) (32) and external (distal lamina margin) (33) cross-stereoscopic views. Scale bar: 500 µm. Label abbreviations: see legend for Figs. 30–31.
Dimensions (MM) P. hangarale sp. n. ♂ holotype
Carapace L / W 14.7 / 15.2
Mesosoma L 24.1
Tergite VII L / W 6.50 / 11.3
Metasoma and telson L 55.35
Segment I L / W / D 6.75 / 7.03 / 5.25
Segment II L / W / D 7.75 / 6.65 / 5.63
Segment III L / W / D 8.50 / 5.95 / 5.60
Segment IV L / W / D 9.25 / 5.30 / 5.40
Segment V L / W / D 11.5 / 5.15 / 5.20
Telson L / W / D 11.6 / 5.20 / 5.00
Pedipalp L 44.7
Femur L / W 10.6 / 5.05
Patella L / W 10.9 / 5.60
Chela L 23.2
Manus W / D 14.6 / 6.70
Movable finger L 14.7
Total L 94.15
Table 1: Comparative measurements of male holotype of Pandinurus hangarale sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D). Figures 34–35: Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . , male holotype, chromosomes (2n=120). Mitotic metaphase (34), meiotic metaphase I (35). Arrows indicate the largest chromosome pair. Scale bar: 10 µm. Karyotype ( Figs. 34–35 ). The diploid complement of the male holotype consists of 120 chromosomes ( Fig. 34 ). All observed postpachytene and metaphase nuclei display 60 homomorphic bivalents ( Fig. 35 ). The first pair of chromosomes is significantly longer (2.46 % diploid set length (DSL) than the remaining chromosomes that gradually decrease in size from 1.75 % to 0.41 % DSL. We are not able to reliably determine the morphology of individual chromosomes in karyotype due to insufficient visibility of the centromeric regions. This would require additional banding techniques. Measurements . See Table 1. AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish Pandinurus hangarale sp . n . from all other species of the genus. P. hangarale sp . n . is morphologically most similar to P . trailini (Kovařík et al., 2013) , more than to Pandinurus smithi ( Pocock, 1897 ) which can be unequivocally separated from both these species by bright yellow legs (see Fig. 27 versus Fig. 23 ). P. hangarale sp . n . can be separated from P . trailini besides the very different area of occurrence by: 1 ) ventral trichobothria on pedipalp chela number 11–13 in P. hangarale sp . n . vs. 13–18 in P . trailini ; 2 ) chela of male length/ width ratio is 1.59 in P. hangarale sp . n . vs. 1.67–1.81 in P . trailini ; 3 ) spiniform formula of tarsomere II = 7/4: 8/4- 5: 8-9/5: 8-9/ 5-6 in P. hangarale sp . n . vs. = 6/4: 6-7/4: 7-8/4: 7-8/ 4-5 in P . trailini ; 4 ) length to width ratio of male 5th metasomal segment = 2.23 in P. hangarale sp . n . vs. 2.60–2.75 in P . trailini . These two species also have different numbers of chromosomes (2n= 120 in P. hangarale sp . n . vs. 2n= 118 in P . trailini (Štundlová et al., in preparation)).