Order Artiodactyla Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1 637 722 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316519 Caprinae Gray 1821 Caprinae Gray 1821 , London Med. Repos., 15: 307 . Genera: 12 genera with 35 species: Genus Ammotragus Blyth 1840 (1 species with 6 subspecies) Genus Budorcas Hodgson 1850 (1 species with 4 subspecies) Genus Capra Linnaeus 1758 (8 species with 12 subspecies) Genus Capricornis Ogilby 1836 (6 species with 2 subspecies) Genus Hemitragus Hodgson 1841 (3 species) Genus Naemorhedus C. H. Smith 1827 (4 species with 4 subspecies) Genus Oreamnos Rafinesque 1817 (1 species) Genus Ovibos de Blainville 1816 (1 species) Genus Ovis Linnaeus 1758 (5 species with 30 subspecies) Genus Pantholops Hodgson 1834 (1 species) Genus Pseudois Hodgson 1846 (2 species) Genus Rupicapra de Blainville 1816 (2 species with 7 subspecies) Discussion: Caprini includes Ammotragus , Capra , Hemitragus , Ovis , Oreamnos , Pseudois , and Rupicapra ; Naemorhedini includes Capricornis and Naemorhedus ; Ovibovini includes Budorcas and Ovibos ; Pantholopini includes Pantholops . Placing of Pantholops in the Caprinae is supported by morphological and molecular studies ( Gatesy et al., 1997 ; Gentry, 1992 ; Hassanin et al., 1998 ; Vrba and Schaller, 2000 ). It may be the sister taxon of all other Caprinae . Relationshiops in the rest of the Caprinae are problematical. Nadler et al. (1973) noted identity of karyotypes in Ammotragus and Ovis ( O. aries arkar ). From electrophoresis of proteins, Hartl et al. (1990) obtained the following tree: ( Ovis ) (( Rupicapra , Oreamnos ) (( Hemitragus ) ( Ammotragus , Capra ))). Hassanin et al. (1998) recognised three clades on the basis of their studies of cytochrome b sequences, namely (1) Capricornis , Naemorhedus , Ovibos ; (2) Capra , Hemitragus , Pseudois ; and (3) Budorcas , Ovis ; with the positions of Ammotragus , Oreamnos and Rupicapra less certain; Ovibovini hence appeared to be polyphyletic. The tree based on behavior, glands, skull and postcrania ( Vrba and Schaller, 2000 ) is of the following form: ( Budorcas ) (( Ovibos ) (( Oreamnos ) ( Naemorhedus , Capricornis )))) (( Ovis ) (( Pseudois ) ( Capra , Hemitragus ))). Distribution reviewed by Shackleton (1997) .