Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate Author Rioux, Jean-Antoine Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, 1 rue de l’Éencole de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France Author Gramiccia, Marina Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Author Léger, Nicole Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Author Desjeux, Philippe PATH OWH (formerly One World Health), A- 9, Qutub Institutional area, USO Road, New Delhi 110067, India Author Depaquit, Jérôme Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, & ANSES, USC Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR), 51100 Reims, France & Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France text Parasite 2020 Paris, France 2020-11-27 27 68 1 13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020064 journal article 10.1051/parasite/2020064 1776-1042 PMC7708229 33258444 12524365 Grassomyia dreyfussi (Parrot, 1933) This species is distinguished from other Oman species by the absence, in both sexes, of ascoids on the first flagellomere, which is a characteristic of the genus Grassomyia . Moreover, both male and female harbour strong spines on each femur (pro- and meso- and metafemur). The female is recognised by the very characteristic pattern of her spermathecae, in capsule of opium poppy. The distribution of Gr. dreyfussi extends from Morocco to Iran and goes down to Kenya . It has recently been recorded in the Arabian Peninsula [ 20 ]. Its record in Oman is not surprising in this context. In the Sultanate, we have captured very rare specimens in the Sharqiyah and Dhofar . Its role in the transmission of a Leishmania has never been mentioned.