A new species of the genus Sonotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from New Zealand Author Yi, Tian-Ci Author Zhang, Zhi-Qiang text Zootaxa 2013 3721 4 334 350 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3721.4.2 1675ac04-5514-4cdf-ab0c-4851a49d78ad 1175-5326 254518 C0AB1442-562E-4DD3-AF00-4DD58BEEB2A0 Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (Figs 1–52) Type material Holotype . female (03-359 Z-A), ex. Nothofagus menziesii , Golden Bay, Mt Stevens Takaka , New Zealand , coll. N.A. Martin, 6 February 2003 . Paratypes . One male, six deutonymphs and two protonymphs, the same data as the holotpye; one female and one protonymph, ex. Nothofagus fusca , Hainewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula , New Zealand , coll. N.A. Martin, 17 August 2005 ; one female, ex. Nothofagus menziesii , Hainewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula , New Zealand , coll. N.A. Martin, 16 January 2004 ; one female, ex. Nothofagus menziesii , Botanical Reserve, Taupo, New Zealand , coll. N.A. Martin, 12 December 2002 . All specimens are on separate slides and deposited in New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Auckland. FIGURE 1–3. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (female, compressed laterally when specimen was prepared), 1, ventral view of idiosoma; 2, dorsal view of idiosoma; 3, dorsal setae c 1. FIGURE 4. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (male), lateral view of opisthosoma. Etymology Named after the host plants, Nothofagus menziesii , on which the holotype was collected. Description Female ( holotype ). (n=2) Length of idiosoma 393–468 (Fig. 2); length of body from posterior end of idiosoma to anterior end of gnathosoma 562–652; maximum width 313–393 between levels of setal row C and sc 2. Medial striae on dorsal prodorsum longitudinal anteriorly and gradually divergent toward posterior ( Fig. 39 ); striae on opisthosoma generally transverse ( Figs 40, 41, 43 ). Striae dotted sparsely with oblong lobes ( Figs 39–41 ). Each dorsal seta set on a small tubercle (Figs 2–3). All dorsal setae slender, weakly barbed, gradually tapering in distal half, but bluntly pointed. Length of setae v 2 92 –101, distance v 2– v 2 96 –104. Setae sc 1 95–97 in length; distance between setal bases sc 1– sc 1 137–138; sc 2 (72–74) shorter than sc 1. Setae c 1 (80–82) much shorter than distance c 1– c 1 (100). Setae c 2 (82–95) slightly longer than setae c 3 (70–79). Setae d 1 (82–84) slightly longer than half of distance d 1– d 1 (142). Setae d 2 (95–99) longer than d 1. Setae e 1 75 –87 in length, distance e 1– e 1 82 ; setae e 2 82 – 94 in length. Setae f 1 (72–77) longer than distance f 1– f 1 (62), but shorter than setae f 2 (92–100). Setae h 1 terminal on idiosoma, 70–75 long, with distance between setal bases 62. Setae h 2 located at level of posterior end of anus, much thinner and shorter than h 1, attenuate, finely barbed and pointed like other ventral setae (Fig. 1); length as long as distance h 2– h 2 (26–27); setae h 3 (25–27) similar to h 2 in length and shape. Medial striae on ventral idiosoma (anterior to genital opening) transverse ( Fig. 44 ), without lobes like those on dorsal striae. Intercoxal setae 1a (58) slightly longer than distance between their bases (48); intercoxal setae 3a (54–57) much shorter than distance between their bases (94–109); intercoxal setae 4a (50–56) less than half the distance between their bases (108–117). Coxal setae 1b (57–62) and 1c (53–63) subequal in length; coxal setae 2b (50–54) shorter than 2c (60–63). Distances 1b–1c (14–20) and 2b–2c (14–20) on each coxa less than 1/3 of respective setal length; coxal setae 3b (62) slightly longer than 4b (52–54). Aggenital setae ag (44–45) shorter than distance ag–ag (57–65). Genital setae g 1 (28–33) about as long as distance g 1– g 1 (24–37); genital setae g 2 (29–30) about as long as g 1. Both pairs of pseudanal setae ( ps 1–2) 12–14 in length (Figs 1, 44). Length of leg segments ( Figs 5–13 ). Femur I 149–168; genu I 71 –74; tibia I 87 –101; tarsus I 98 –115. Femur II 111–114; genu II 59 –64; tibia II 71 –74; tarsus II 92 –99. Femur III 93 –97; genu III 52 –54; tibia III 71 –80; tarsus III 101–103. Femur IV 113–117; genu IV 61 –63; tibia IV 83 –94; tarsus IV 91 –111. FIGURES 5–8. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (female), 5, femur and genu I; 6, femur and genu II; 7, femur and genu III; 8, femur and genu IV. Number of tactile setae (including eupathidia on tarsus) and solenidia (in parentheses) on legs I–IV as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1-1; femora 10-7-4-4 ; genua 5-5-4-4; tibiae 9(1)-9-8-8; tarsi 16 or 15(3)-13(2)- 10(1)-10(1). Tarsus I with 6 or 7 tactile setae and 1 solenidion proximal to proximal duplex setae; tarsus II with 5 tactile setae and 1 solenidion proximal to duplex setae ( Figs. 9–11 ). Tarsi I and II each with 3 eupathidial setae with blunt tips ( p’ζ, p’’ζ and pv’ζ ). Empodium claw-like, with a minute dorsal hair. FIGURES 9–13. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (female), 9, tibia and tarsus I with abnormal chaetotaxy; 10, tibia and tarsus I with normal chaetotaxy; 11, tibia and tarsus II; 12, tibia and tarsus III; 13, tibia and tarsus IV. Stylophore longitudinally striate on dorsum. Peritremes tube-like, hooked distally and with expanding end ( Figs. 14 , 42 ). Subcapitular setae m (44 – 51) shorter than distance m–m (59). All palpal setae, excluding setae a and b , weakly barbed. Palpal setae dPFe whip-like, 69 – 78 in length ( Fig. 16 ); seta l”PGe about 54–58 long; setae dPTi (34–38) longer than lateral setae l’PTi (10–11) and l”PTi (28); palptarsus ( Fig. 18 ) slightly longer than its diameter; solenidion ω (4) on palptarsus smallest of all setae; setae a 11, b 9 and c 20–21 long; spinneret suζ 9–11 long, three times as thick as solenidion, tapering gradually to a bluntly pointed tip; eupathidia ulζ ” (8–9) longer than ulζ ’ (6– 7); palptibial claw strongly curved with a divided tip ( Fig. 16 ). FIGURE 14–18. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. , 14, gnathosoma and palps (female); 15, deutonymph palp; 16, palp (female); 17, palp (male); 18, palptarsus (female). Male (n=1). Shape of dorsal setae as in female; setae v 2 54 , sc 1 49, sc 2 49, c 1 40, c 2 51, c 3 55, d 1 46, d 2 54, e 1 47 , e 2 58 , f 1 43, f2 51, h 1 28, h 2 19, h 3 19. All ventral setae excluding pseudanal setae ( ps 1–2) weakly barbed; 1a 40, 1 b 47, 1 c 47, 2 b 39, 3a 63, 3 b 54, 4 a 41, 4 b 49, ag 30, g 1 19, g 2 19, ps 1 13, ps 2 13. Shape of aedeagus as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 52 . Subcapitular setae m 38 long. All palpal setae ( Fig. 17 ) excluding setae a , b and dPFe weakly barbed; palpal setae dPFe 8 in length; seta l”PGe about 42 long; setae dPTi (2) longer than lateral setae l’PTi (9) and l”PTi (20); palptarsus slightly longer than its diameter; solenidion ω (5) on palptarsus smallest of all setae; setae a 12, b 9 and c 19 long; spinneret suζ 4 long, three times as thick as solenidion, tapering gradually to a sharply pointed tip; eupathidia ulζ ” (9) longer than ulζ ’ (8); palptibial claw strongly curved with a divided tip ( Fig. 17 ). FIGURES 19–20. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (protonymph), 19, dorsal view of idiosoma; 20, ventral view of idiosoma. Length of leg segments ( Figs 31–38 ). Femur I 243; genu I 124; tibia I 166; tarsus I 141. Femur II 193; genu II 108; tibia II 131; tarsus II 116. Femur III 146; genu III 72 ; tibia III 98 ; tarsus III 108. Femur IV 163; genu IV 81 ; tibia IV 111; tarsus IV 128. Number of tactile setae (including eupathidia on tarsus) and solenidia (in parentheses) on legs I–IV as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1-1; femora 10-7-6-5 ; genua 5-5-4-4; tibiae 9(4)-9-8-8; tarsi 16(4)-13(2)-10(1)- 10(1). Tarsi I and II each with 3 eupathidial setae with blunt tips ( p’ζ, p’’ζ and pv’ζ ). Deutonymph (n=3) Length of idiosoma 319 ( Fig. 21 ); length of body from posterior end of idiosoma to anterior end of gnathosoma 423; maximum width 229 between levels of setal row C and sc 2. FIGURES 21–22. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (deutonymph, compressed laterally when specimen was prepared), 21, dorsal view of idiosoma; 22, ventral view of idiosoma. FIGURES 23–26. Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. (deutonymph), 23, distal 4 segments of leg I; 24, distal 4 segments of leg II; 25, distal 4 segments of leg III; 26, distal 4 segments of leg IV. Length of setae v 2 59 –82; setae sc 1 (67–79) longer than sc 2 (55–66); setae c 1 52–68, c 2 557–72, c 3 56–68, d 1 54– 69, d 2 64–70, e 1 55 –65, e 2 56 –69, f 1 44–59, f2 60–68, h 1 41–59, h 2 17–22 , h 3 17–22. Setae h 2 much thinner and shorter than h 1, attenuate, finely barbed and pointed like other ventral setae ( Fig. 22 ); length as long as distance h 2– h 2 (14–17); setae h 3 similar to h 2 in length and shape. Intercoxal setae 1a (34–39) slightly longer than distance between their bases (29–30); intercoxal setae 3a (37– 46) much shorter than distance between their bases (61–76); intercoxal setae 4a (30–34) about half the distance between their bases (69–89). Coxal setae 1b and 1c subequal in length (41–49); coxal 2b 33–46, and 2c 32–43. Distances 1b–1c (16–17) and 2b–2c (17–19) on each coxa less than 1/2 of respective setal length. Coxal setae 3b 39–43 long; coxal seta 4b 27–29. Setae g 1 14–16 , g 2 absent, ps 1 10–11 , ps 2 11. Stylophore longitudinally striate on dorsum. Subcapitular setae m 30 – 37 in length. All palpal setae ( Fig. 15 ), excluding setae a and b , weakly barbed; palpal setae dPFe whip-like, 54 – 62 in length; setae l”PGe about 38–44 long; setae dPTi (29–32) longer than lateral setae l’PTi (7–10) and l”PTi (21–27); palptarsus slightly longer than its diameter; solenidion ω (4) on palptarsus smallest of all setae; setae a 10–11, b 8–9 and c 15–20 long; spinneret suζ 8 long, tapering gradually to a bluntly pointed tip; eupathidia ulζ” (9) longer than ulζ’ (7–8); palptibial claw strongly curved with a divided tip. Aggenital setae ag (26–34) as long as distance ag–ag (24–27). Genital setae g 1 (14–16) shorter than distance g 1 –g 1 (20–22); genital setae g 2 absent. Both pairs of pseudanal setae ps 1–2 (10–11) about half as long as para-anal setae h 3. Length of leg segments ( Figs 23–26 ). Femur I 92 –111; genu I 44 –61; tibia I 53 –69; tarsus I 79 –91. Femur II 77 –78; genu II 38 –49; tibia II 41 –50; tarsus II 65 –67. Femur III 56 –64; genu III 37 –41; tibia III 45 –51; tarsus III 72 –77. Femur IV 64 –67; genu IV 36 –41; tibia IV 48 –54; tarsus IV 68 –76. Number of tactile setae (including eupathidia on tarsus) and solenidia (in parentheses) on legs I–IV as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1-0; femora 6-3-2-2; genua 5-5-3-3; tibiae 7(1)-5-5-5; tarsi 13(3)-11(1)-8(1)-8. Tarsi I and II each with 3 eupathidial setae with blunt tips ( p’ζ , p’’ζ and pv’ζ ). Protonymph (n=3) Length of idiosoma 239–349 ( Fig. 19 ); length of body from posterior end of idiosoma to anterior end of gnathosoma 353–443; maximum width 234–289 between levels of setal row C and sc 2. Length of setae v 2 58 –65; setae sc 1 (65–71) longer than sc 2 (43–56); setae c 1 50–56, c 2 50–56, c 3 46–59, d 1 53– 58, d 2 59–61, e 1 51 –67, e 2 56 –61, f 1 47–49, f2 51–56, h 1 37–41, h 2 15–23 , h 3 17–22. Setae h 2 much thinner and shorter than h 1, attenuate and pointed like other ventral setae; distance h 2– h 2 13–17 ; setae h 3 similar to h 2 in length and shape. Intercoxal setae 1a (29–36) as long as distance between their bases (29–36); intercoxal setae 3a (32–39) much shorter than distance between their bases (57–69). Coxal setae 1b and 1c subequal in length (41–44); coxal 2b 32– 43; distances 1b–1c (13–16) on each coxa less than 1/2 of respective setal length; coxal setae 3b 29–34 long. Setae ps 1 10–13 , ps 2 8–13 . Stylophore longitudinally striate on dorsum. Subcapitular setae m 29 – 34 in length. Palpal setae dPFe whiplike, 51 – 59 in length; setae l”PGe about 39–44 long; setae dPTi (27–30) longer than lateral setae l’PTi (8–12) and l”PTi (21–26); palptarsus slightly longer than its diameter; solenidion ω (3-4) on palptarsus smallest of all setae; setae a 9–12, b 7–9 and c 14–18 long; spinneret suζ 8 long, tapering gradually to a bluntly pointed tip; eupathidia ulζ” (8) longer than ulζ’ (6); palptibial claw strongly curved with a divided tip ( Fig. 52 ). Aggenital setae ag (22–33) as long as distance ag–ag (28–32). Both pairs of pseudanal setae ps 1–2 (8–13) about half as long as para-anal setae h 3. Length of leg segments ( Figs 27–30 ). Femur I 74 –81; genu I 34 –37; tibia I 40 –44; tarsus I 61 –70. Femur II 50 – 58; genu II 29–32 ; tibia II 30–32 ; tarsus II 53 –62. Femur III 39 –52; genu III 26–31 ; tibia III 32 –36; tarsus III 54 – 64. Femur IV 36 –45; genu IV 26–27 ; tibia IV 28–34 ; tarsus IV 48 –54. Number of tactile setae (including eupathidia on tarsus) and solenidia (in parentheses) on legs I–IV as follows: coxae 2-2-1-0; trochanters 0-0-0-0; femora 3-3-2-2; genua 4-4-2-2; tibiae 6-5-5-5; tarsi 11(2)-1(1)-8-6. Tarsi I and II each with 3 eupathidial setae with blunt tips ( p’ζ, p’’ζ and pv’ζ ). Remarks Sonotetranychus menziesii sp. nov. is most similar to S. tawhairauriki from New Zealand . However, the peritremes are tube-like, simple, without hooks distally in S. tawhairauriki whereas they are hooked distally and with an expanding end in the new species. These two species are also different in leg chaetotaxy: in adult female S. menziesii , an additional seta v” 1 is present on femur I and also femur II (this seta is absent in femora I and II in adult female S. tawhairauriki ); in adult female S. menziesii , an additional seta l” 1 is present on tibia III (this seta is absent on tibia III in adult female S. tawhairauriki ).