The genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 in Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) Author Figueroa, Luis Author Edmonds, W. D. Author Meza-Velez, Felipe text Insecta Mundi 2012 2012-08-24 2012 248 1 8 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.5174634 1942-1354 5174634 Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870 ( Fig. 3-4 , 12-13 , 19-23 ) Diagnosis . Length 12-18 mm . Dorsum shining black with weak dark green to blue highlights ( Fig. 3-4 ). Clypeal margin slightly expanded and upturned near notch ( Fig. 12 , arrow), not evenly curved. Head of both sexes with a weakly bituberculate, median gibbosity, never with a conical horn ( Fig. 12 ). Pronotum of both sexes evenly convex, lacking any trace of a median prominence ( Fig. 3-4 ). Pronotum densely and finely granulate, granulation becoming almost effaced posteromedially. Inner apical angle of male protibia drawn out into an acute spine ( Fig. 20 , arrow); outer edge of protibial spur of both sexes strongly expanded subapically ( Fig. 20-21 ). Apical protarsal segment prolonged apically ( Fig. 19 ). Geographical Distribution. ( Fig. 5 ) Recorded from Brazil, Colombia and Peru . In Peru known from isolated localities in Amazonian lowlands of Loreto , San Martin and Ucayali . Peruvian collecting data: LORETO : Prov. Ucayali , Distr. Padre Marquez, CCNN Santa Ana ( 7 o 52’S , 75 o 31' W ) 224 m [Oct] MUSM ; Contamana ( 7 o 21’S , 75 o 01’W ) 134 m [Dec] MUSM , WDEC . SAN MARTIN : Prov. El Porvenir , Bosque El Pelejo ( 6 o 16’S , 75 o 50’W ) 161 m [May] MUSM. UCAYALI : Prov. Coronel Portillo , Pucallpa ( 8 o 25’S , 74 o 28’W ) [Aug] MUSM, ( 8 o 22’S , 74 o 34’W ) [Jul-Aug, Dec] CMNC. Ecology . The ecology of this species is not understood. Specimens examined with precise data were collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces in forest habitats; in one case, several individuals were found in secondary growth associated with mandioca cultivation (cassava, “yuca”; Manihot esculenta Crantz ). Trond Larsen (pers. comm.) points out the possibility that it may be a narrow ecological specialist; he has not collected G. amazonica during several years of intensive collection and ecological monitoring of the dung beetle fauna in Madre de Díos (southeastern Peru ).