Revision of Brazilian species of Aleochara Gravenhorst of the subgenus Xenochara Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) Author Buss, Bruna Caroline Department of Biodiversity, Federal University of Paraná, Palotina, PR, Brazil Author Caron, Edilson Department of Biodiversity, Federal University of Paraná, Palotina, PR, Brazil text Zootaxa 2023 2023-08-17 5330 4 509 534 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5330.4.3 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.4.3 1175-5326 8255121 2C9B5AE1-C90D-4E5D-BA8E-78F159C4E88A Aleochara ( Xenochara ) capitinigra Buss & Caron , sp. nov. ( Figures 5 , 19 , 25 , 28 , 62–68 , 94 ) Type material. Holotype , ♁ deposited in CESP , with labels: (1) “ BRASIL : Acre , Rio \ Branco , 10º01’49.8S ;\ 67º41’00.5’’W , Pitfall com\ fezes, 11.VII.2016 , W.P.\ Sutill & F.A. Oliveira (leg.)” [white label, printed in black]; (2) “870” [white label, printed in black]; (3) “Photographed by\ A. Buss \01/X/20\DZUP-Palotina” [pink label, printed in black the first and fourth line, manuscript the second and third line]. 9 Paratypes (3 ♁♁ and 6 ♀♀ ), deposited in CESP , MZUSP , DZUP , MNRJ : the same data of the holotype (1 ♁ and 1 ♀ , MNRJ ); the same data of the holotype , except “banana” [label 1, third line, before date] (1 ♁ and 2 ♀♀ , CESP , 1 ♁ MZUSP ]; the same data of the holotype , except “coração” [label 1, third line, before date] ( 1 ♀ , CESP , 2 ♀♀ MZUSP ]. FIGURES 32–38. Terminalia of Aleochara ( Xenochara ) puberula . 32) Tergum VIII, male; 33) Tergum VIII, female; 34) Sternum VIII, male; 35) Median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; 36) Median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 37) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 38) Spermatheca. Scales: 0.5 mm. Diagnosis. Aleochara ( X. ) capitinigra sp. nov. differs from other Brazilian species by having the head distinctly darker than the pronotum ( Fig. 5 ), tergum VIII of male with posterior margin very slightly sinuate and serrate ( Fig. 62 ), median lobe of the aedeagus with ventral margin straight, except apex strongly curved directed ventrad in lateral view and tergum VIII of female not serrate ( Fig. 63 ). Description. Male: maximum body length 5.0 mm, maximum elytra width 1.5 mm . Body rust yellow, except head and abdominal segments I to VI dark brown ( Fig. 5 ). Body dorsal surface glossy; pubescent, appearing yellowish-brown in artificial light; setigerous pores impressed. Head: circular. Pubescence directed anterad. Eyes large and slightly prominent, twice the length of temples. Ventral surface of head with a very short carina on each side of midline ( Fig. 25 ). Neck absent. Antenna reaching base of elytra; antennomere 1 longer than 2 and 3 ( Fig. 19 ); antennomere 2 subequal in length to 3; antennomere 4 subquadrate; 5–10 wider than long, gradually increasing in width towards apex; antennomere 11 three times longer than wide, length almost equaling three preceding antennomeres combined; antennomeres 1–4 glossy with some long black setae; antennomeres 5–11 covered by very short white setae, with some long black setae on apex of each antennomere; antennomere 11 with long black setae on a transverse circular line at the apex of basal one-third of the antennomere. Labrum transverse; anterior margin slightly emarginate, with a-sensilla and b-sensilla long ( Fig. 28 ). Mandibles symmetrical, without internal teeth. Maxillary palpomere 2 and 3 about the same length; palpomere 4 about half length of 3. Gular plate broad. Thorax: pronotum transverse, posterior margin broadly curved; densely pubescent, with pubescence directed posterad and laterad elsewhere. Elytra shorter than pronotum; the same width with pronotum; elytra wider than long; densely pubescent, pubescence directed posterad; each posterolateral margin kindly rounded. Hind wings developed. Mesoventrite completely carinate; mesoventrite process somewhat sharp and longer than metaventrite process, both joined. Abdomen: distinctly narrowed posteriorly. Pubescence sparse directed posterad. Tergum VIII with posterior margin very slightly sinuate and serrate ( Fig. 62 ). Sternum VIII with posterior margin broadly curved ( Fig. 64 ). Aedeagus elongate ( Figs. 65–67 ); median lobe of the aedeagus with ventral margin straight, except apex strongly curved directed ventrad in lateral view. Female: Similar to male, except for tergum VIII not serrate ( Fig. 63 ). Spermatheca L-shaped, capsule somewhat globose, duct not coiled ( Fig. 68 ). Etymology. A compound descriptive name, which capit - is root of the “caput”, a Latin noun for head, - i- is a connecting vowel, and - nigra is a Latin female adjective for black. The specific name agrees in gender with the generic name. Geographical records. Brazil : Acre , Rio Branco ( Fig. 94 ). Biological notes. The specimens of Aleochara ( X .) capitinigra sp. nov. were collected using pitfall traps baited with decaying banana, feces, and bovine heart.