Tidying things up: Tropicosa, a new Neotropical wolf spider genus (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosinae) Author Paredes-Munguía, Williams 0000-0002-3320-4611 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. & Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Laboratorio de Entomología, Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Peru. williams. paredes @ acad. pucrs. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3320 - 4611 williams.paredes@acad.pucrs.br Author Brescovit, Antonio D. Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Coleçƚes Zoológicas, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Author Teixeira, Renato A. 0000-0002-1756-9821 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. & renatoaug. tx @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1756 - 9821 renatoaug.tx@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2023 2023-01-16 5228 4 351 393 journal article 225934 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.1 0a0dd4d8-f6b1-47d1-a4c5-931231b1784b 1175-5326 7539988 11C43FF1-C111-4320-A17C-5818A47DE42B Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) comb. nov ( Figs 21‒29 , 33 ) Tarentula thorellii Keyserling, 1877: 650 , pl. 7, fig. 28 (female holotype from “Neu Granada ”, should be deposited in BMNH, not located). Keyserling 1891: 257 , pl. 10, fig. 194 (description of the male). Tarentula bogotensis Keyserling, 1877: 651 , pl. 7, fig. 29–31 (male and immature female syntypes from “Neu Granada ”, deposited in BMNH, examined by photographs). New synonymy . Lycosa thorelli : Petrunkevitch 1911: 568 . Lycosa bogotensis : Petrunkevitch 1911: 557 . Lycosa passerina Mello-Leit „o, 1941: 129, fig. 27 (female holotype from Villa Nueva, Córdoba, Argentina , A. Parko leg. , deposited in MLP 14692, examined). Capocasale, 1980: 65 , figs 1‒4 (syn.) Arctosa bogotensis : Roewer 1955: 230 . Hogna passerina : Roewer 1955: 255 . Lycorma thorelli : Roewer 1955: 267 . Lycosa thorelli : Zimber, 1963: 20 , figs 9–10 Costa & Capocasale 1984: 428 , fig. 3–6; Simó et al. 2002: 141 , figs 1–3. Remarks. Keyserling’s illustration of the female genitalia of T. bogotensis was apparently based on a subadult specimen, as it shows a typical flat, pre-epigynal plate ( Keyserling, 1877 : fig 31). The two holes at the base of the pre-epigyne do not look like copulatory openings, but the primordium of a transversal septum. Colombian subadult specimens and fresh material from Bogota were compared with the Keyserling’s description, which led us to conclude that both sexes match morphologically with Tarentula bogotensis . In addition, the male median apophysis possesses a deep dorsal curved concavity and a pronounced tegular lobe, and the curvature of the median apophysis is clearly visible in retrolateral view. Likewise, the anterior expansion of median septum in adult females shows no difference with T. thorelli from Keyserling (1891 : fig. 194b). Moreover, the syntype specimen of T. bogotensis , examined by photos, and compared to the original drawings and somatic description ( Keyserling 1877 ) showed it should be treated as a junior synonym of T. thorellii ( Keyserling, 1877 ) . Other material examined. COLOMBIA : Santander : 2♀ , Puerto Araujo , Vereda Las Marias , Hacienda los Manantiales , ca. 06°31'05.81"N 74°06'06.14"W , 1.iv.2007 , Piñeros et al . leg. ( MPUJ 65139 ) ; 1♀ , Charalá , Virolín , SFF Guanentá , ca. 6°17'22"N 73°08'45"W , 2.i.1998 , J. Martínez leg. (ICN-Ar 5633); 1♁, Charalá , Virolin , Hacienda La Argentina , ca. 06°06'16.86"N 73°11'33.10"W , 8.xii.1978 , I. de Arévalo leg. (ICN-Ar 406); 1♁, ditto , 9.xii.1978 , I. de Arévalo leg. (ICN-Ar 402) . Boyacá : 1♀ , Duitama , Vereda San Antonio , ca. 05°49'23"N 73°01'48"W , 18.xi.1998 , G. Amat leg. (ICN-Ar 5657) ; 1♀ , Paipa , La Pradrera , ca. 05°47'00.27"N 73°07'41.11"W , 2.xii.1978 , I. de Arévalo leg. (ICN-Ar 404) ; 3♀ , Gachantivá , Bosque El Cometa , ca. 05°44'20.59"N 73°30'37.74"W , 28.iii.1998 , M. I. Vallejo leg. (ICN-Ar 8835) ; 1♀ , Arcabuco , El Secreto , 05°43'58.48"N 73°27'00.71"W , 14.x.2001 , Branco et al . leg. ( MPUJ ) ; 1♀ , Chiquinquirá , Monte Batallón 2, Sucre , ca. 05°36'32.54"N 73°49'18.09"W , 24.iv.1979 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICNAr 401); 1♁, ditto (ICN-Ar 1660) ; 2♀ , ca. 04°39'31"N 74°05'45"W , 13.i.1991 , J.C. Jaramillo & F. Gusmán leg. (ICN-Ar 1658). Cundinamarca : 1♀ , Sutatausa , ca. 05°14'50.26"N 73°51'9.60"W , 1.vi.1992 , L. Ordoñez leg. (ICNAr 350) ; 1♀ , Villapinzón , ca. 05°12'54"N 73°35'32"W , 12.ix.2001 , M. Gómez leg. (ICN-Ar 830); 2♁1j#, Supatá , ca. 05°03'42.60"N 74°14'10.61"W , x.1979 , I. de Arévalo leg. (ICN-Ar 369); 1♁, Cogua , Vereda el Mortiño , Finca San Javier , ca. 05°03'37"N 73°56'41"W , iii-x.2012, Proyecto Forense leg. ( MPUJ 240 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 3567 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 3743 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 3873 ) ; 2♁, ditto ( MPUJ 4273 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 4393 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MPUJ 5872 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 6145 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 6209 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MPUJ 6936 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 7048 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 9805 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 9971 ) ; 2♁, ditto ( MPUJ 10066 ) ; 2♁, ditto ( MPUJ 10132 ) ; 3♁, ditto ( MPUJ 10241 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 11453 ) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Barrio La Granja , ca. 05°02'31"N 73°57'13"W , 28.x.2007 , I. de Arévalo leg. (ICN-Ar 410); 1 ♁ 1♀ , Bogotá , ca. 04°48'27.55"N 74°00'54.93"W , i.1978 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICN-Ar 408); 1♁, ditto , 20.v.1979 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICN-Ar 1278) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Barrio Cedritos , ca. 04°43'30.49"N 74°02'22.41"W , 20.v.1979 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICN-Ar 388) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , ca. 04°39'31"N 74°05'45"W , xi.1964 , H. Duplat leg. ( IBSP 53779 ) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Instituto de Ciencias Naturales , ca. 04°38'30.95"N 74°04'53.31"W , viii.1991 , E. Florez leg. (ICNAr 412); 1♁, ditto , 13.x.1991 , J.C. Jaramillo & F. Guzman leg. (ICN-Ar 1659) ; 1♀ , ditto , 19.ix.1992 , C. Martínez & A. Ordoñes leg. (ICN-Ar 5655) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Campus Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Escuela de Cine y Televisión , 04°38'25"N 74°05'07"W , 4.ii.2020 , W. Galvis leg. (ICN-Ar 12715) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Universidad Nacional , ca. 04°38'17.79"N 74°05'06.42"W , 3.x.2012 , A. Pomar leg. (ICN-Ar 5651); 1♁, ditto , 7.vi.2000 , A.M. Gomez leg. (ICN-Ar 1268) ; 1♀ , ditto , 7.x.2006 , Grupo Pteros leg. (ICN-Ar 5652); 2♁1j#, Bogotá , ca. 04°37'31.29"N 74°03'42.29"W , 10.xii.2001 , A. Rodriguez leg. (ICN-Ar 825) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Monserrate , 04°36'9.85"N 74°03'31.74"W , 27.vi.2002 , Beltrán leg. (ICN-Ar 1878) ; 1♀ , Bogotá , Cruz Verde , near Choachí , ca. 04°34'08"N 74°00'46"W , 14.xii.1979 (ICN-Ar 1277) ; 2♀ , Bogotá , Usme. Vereda El Hato , Embalse de Chisacá , ca. 04°23'09.52"N 74°10'19.16"W , viii.2008 , J.E. Diaz leg. (ICN-Ar 5662); 3♁2j#, ditto (ICN-Ar 5664); 1♁, Subachoque , Vereda la Hondura , ca. 04°55'41.22"N 74°10'15.18"W , 9.xii.2001 , A. Plazas leg. (ICN-Ar 829) ; 1♀ , Suesca , Vereda el Hatillo , ca. 04°54'39.60"N 73°54'46.44"W , 2004, M. Cotes leg. ( MPUJ 65114 ) ; 3♁ 2♀ , ditto ( MPUJ 65119 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 65134 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MPUJ 65135 ) ; 2♁, ditto ( MPUJ 65142 ) ; 1♁, Sopó , ca. 04°54'28.97"N 73°56'25.68"W , 3.xii.1979 , D. Valderrama leg. (ICN-Ar 400); 2 ♁ 4♀ , Albán , Granjas del Padre Luna , ca. 04°53'56.89"N 74°25'28.40"W , 4.vi.2000 , C. Sandoval leg. (ICN-Ar 1295) ; 1♀ , ditto , 24.ii.2000 , H. Gasca leg. (ICN-Ar 1471); 2 ♁ 4♀ , ditto , 19.x.2001 , C. Sandoval leg. (ICN-Ar 826) ; 1♀ , Sueva , ca. 04°48'28.54"N 73°42'14.13"W , 1.iv.2000 , D. Cartés leg. (ICN-Ar 1241) ; 1♀ , Junín , (near to Sueva ), ca. 04°48'28.54"N 73°42'14.13"W , 1.iv.2000 , D. Cortes leg. (ICN-Ar 1291); 2 ♁ 4♀ , La Calera , La Cuchilla , ca. 04°42'57.98"N 73°57'53.43"W , xii.1972 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICN-Ar 382) ; 1♀ , La Calera , Finca la Esperanza , ca. 04°36'55.32"N 73°59'27.15"W , 29.x.2005 , M. Romero leg. (ICN-Ar 12765) ; 1♀ , Mosquera , Laguna La Herrera , ca. 04°41'29.61"N 74°16'35.76"W , 10.vii.1979 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICN-Ar 1376) ; 1♀ , ditto (ICN-Ar 8836) ; 1♀ , ditto , vi.1979 , C. Hernandez leg. (ICN-Ar 384) ; 1♀ , ditto (ICNAr 381) ; 1♀ , La Calesia , road to Mundo Nuevo-Hingará , ca. 04°41'07.82"N 73°54'33.05"W , 17.x.2000 , E. Florez leg. (ICNAr 3402); 1♁, Among Mosquera and La Mesa , ca. 04°40'12.00"N 74°21'23.47"W , 2.viii.1981 , M. de Campu leg. (ICN-Ar 1374) ; 3♀ , Choachi , Road from Choachi to Bogotá , foot of la Cordillera , ca. 04°36'55.32"N 73°59'27.15"W , 30.xi.1991 , R. Casalla et al . leg. ( MLS 348 ) ; 2♁, Humedal la Isla , 04°37'25.80"N 74°13'04"W , 19.vi.2016 , S. Florez leg. (ICN-Ar 12813) ; 1♀ , Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza , ca. 04°31'44.24"N 73°45'21.29"W (ICN-Ar 12809) ; 1♀ , Chipaque , Boquerón , ca. 04°26'39.21"N 74°02'31.67"W , 4.ix.1979 , J. Casanaretro leg. (ICNAr 409) . Meta : 2♀ 2j#, Villavicencio , Bosque Bavaria , ca. 04°10'42.68"N 73°39'02.44"W , 7.x.2005 , C. Gonzalez leg. (ICN-Ar 12766) ; 1♀ , Puerto López , Castellanos , 04°05'28.87"N 72°57'21.30"W , ix.1991 , M.C. E. leg. ( MPUJ ) ; 1♁, San Martín , Finca Los Laureles , ca. 03°53'27.39"N 73°43'19.93"W , xi.1975 , O. Rangel leg. (ICN-Ar 385) . Valle del Cauca : 1♁1j#, Tuluá , 04°05'23.53"N 76°11'29.40"W , viii.1996 , A. Vitolo leg. ( MPUJ 65183 ) . Amazonas : 1♁, Leticia & Puerto Mariño , ca. 03°59'31.89"S 70°08'59.41"W , 3.iv.1957 , H. N.M. leg. ( MLS ex286) . Cauca : 1♀ , Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona , Antigua Laguna , 02°58'N 78°11'W , 18–20.xii.2000 , R. Duque leg. (IAvH) . PERU : San Martin : 1♁, Moyobamba , Yuracyacu (deforested area), 05°57'00.45"S 77°14'02.48"W , 13.i.2009 , C. Albujar leg. ( MUSM 514129 ) . Amazonas : 1♁, Chachapoyas , Molinopampa , Pampa Colpar , 06°12'17.60"S 77°39'55.00"W , 1.xii.2004 , W. Paredes leg. ( MUSM 500229 ) . Lima : 1♁, Huarochirí , San Jerónimo de Surco , 11°57'21.48"S 76°42'08.47"W , 10.iii.2007 , L. Sulca leg. ( MUSM 514123 ) . PARAGUAY : Itapúa : 1♁ 1♀ , Isla Yacyretá , near Estrada Melgarejo , 27°25'48"S 56°46'12"W , 12-15.ix.1992 , J.A. Kochalka leg. ( IBNP ) ; 1♁ 2♀ , Isla Yacyretá , near Estrada Melgarejo , 27°25'48"S 56°46'12"W , 18.i.1993 , C. Aguila leg. ( IBNP ) ; 1♀ , ditto , 26.iv.1993 , B. Barrios leg. ( IBNP ) . BRAZIL : Santa Catarina : 3♁, Chapecó , ca. 27°05'09"S 52°37'04"W , 28.ii.2012 , R.C. Francisco leg. ( MCTP 39693 ) . Rio Grande do Sul : 3♁ 1♀ , Rio dos Índios , ca. 27°17'51.96"S 52°50'32.14"W , 11.ix.2013 , R.C. Francisco leg. ( MCTP 37826 ) ; 2♁, ditto ( MCTP 37827 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 38122 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 39535 ) ; 2♁, ditto ( MCTP 39548 ) ; 1♀ , Santo Ângelo , Linha Picadinha , ca. 28°19'58"S 54°16'45"W , 15- 30.iii.2004 , F. D. Agostini leg. ( MCTP 22606 ) ; 1♀ , São Miguel das Missões , ca. 28°56'14"S 54°20'50"W , 1.xi.2015 , J. A. Freiberg et al . leg. ( MCTP 42235 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42238 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42240 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42241 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42242 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42243 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42244 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42245 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42246 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42247 ) ; 1♁ 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 42248 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 42249 ) ; 1♀ , ditto , 29.iv.2015 , J.A. Freiberg et al . leg. ( MCTP 42253 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 42254 ) ; 1♁, ditto , 5.xi.2014 , J.A. Freiberg et al . leg. ( MCTP 42227 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42229 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42230 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42231 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 42232 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 42236 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 42251 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 42234 ) ; 1♀ , ditto , 6.v.2016 , J.A. Freiberg et al . leg. ( MCTP 42252 ) ; 1♀ , Cambará do Sul , ca. 29°02'42.36"S 50°08'48.81"W , iii.2005 , M.V. Petry et al . leg. ( MCTP 31283 ) ; 2♀ , Maçambara , Reserva Biológica São Donato , 29°02'46.7"S 56°04'48.7"W , 1.iii.2013 , M. Machado leg. ( MCTP 36770 ) ; 1♁ 2♀ , ditto ( MCTP 36771 ) ; 2♀ , ditto ( MCTP 36773 ) ; 2♀ , ditto ( MCTP 37676 ) ; 1♀ , ditto , 10.v.2012 , M. Machado leg. ( MCTP 36168 ) ; 1♁, ditto , 15.i.2012 , M. Machado leg. ( MCTP 34780 ) ; 1♁ 1♀ , ditto , 16.i.2012 , M. Machado leg. ( MCTP 35735 ) ; 1♀ , ditto , 17.vii.2012 , M. Machado leg. ( MCTP 36258 ) ; 2♁ 1♀ , ditto , 20.i.2012 , M. Machado leg. ( MCTP 34808 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 34810 ) ; 1♀ , Canela , ca. 29°20'28"S 50°48'57"W , 6.iii.1966 , A.A. Lise leg. ( MCN 78 ) ; 2♀ , ditto , 9.vii.1969 , A.A. Lise leg. ( MCN 60 ) ; 1♀ , S„o Francisco de Paula , Potreiro Velho , RPPN PróMata , ca. 29°29'45"S 50°11'08"W , 9.i.1997 , A.A. Lise et al . leg. ( MCTP 10816 ) ; 1♀ , Novo Hamburgo , ca. 29°42'39"S 51°07'40"W , 8.vii.1986 , C.J. Becker leg. ( MCN 15213 ) ; 4♀ , Santa Maria , Camobi , ca. 29°43'01"S 53°43'25"W , 14.iii.2011 , D. Link leg. ( MCTP 40543 ) ; 1♀ , ditto , 17.iv.2011 , D. Link leg. ( MCTP 40539 ) ; 2♀ , ditto , 26.iv.2011 , D. Link leg. ( MCTP 40537 ) ; 2♀ , ditto , 9.iv.2011 , D. Link leg. ( MCTP 40536 ) ; 1♁ 1♀ , ditto , x.1989 , M. Somavila leg. ( MCTP 39787 ) ; 1♀ , Nova Santa Rita , Quinta São José , ca. 29°52'13"S 51°15'32"W , ii.2009 , A. Oliveira leg. ( MCTP 36590 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 36591 ) ; 2♀ , ditto ( MCTP 36592 ) ; 2♀ , Rio Pardo , ca. 29°59'17"S 52°22'22"W , 10.ii.1966 , A.A. Lise leg. ( MCN 76 ) ; 1♀ , Porto Alegre , Vila Cruzeiro , ca. 30°04'46"S 51°13'38"W , 16.ix.1986 , M.A.L. Marques leg. ( MCN 16815 ) ; 1♁, Eldorado do Sul , ca. 30°05'02"S 51°36'57"W , 11–17.i.2017 , G. Carvalho & R. Silva leg. ( MCTP 12523 ) ; 4♀ , ditto ( MCTP 12565 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 12584 ) ; 4♁ 2♀ , ditto ( MCTP 12603 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 12852 ) ; 1♀ , Arroio dos Ratos , Fazenda Recanto da Figueira , ca. 30°07'50"S 51°33'04"W , 1.viii.1986 , M. Rosenau leg. ( MCN 19947 ) ; 1♀ , Cidreira , Dunas , ca. 30°10'22"S 50°13'01"W , 17.iv.2003 , J.A.M. Pinto leg. ( MCTP 33755 ) ; 1♀ , ditto ( MCTP 33880 ) ; 1♁, ditto ( MCTP 34036 ) ; 1♁ 1♀ 1j#, Palmares do Sul , Praia do Quintão , ca. 30°21'06"S 50°16'57"W , 10.xii.1988 , A.B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 1765 ) . ARGENTINA : Salta : 9♀ , Pampa Grande , ca. 25°52'09"S 65°30'28"W , 15.xi.1998 , no collector ( MACN ) . Santiago del Estero : 7♁ 1♀ , Beltrán , ca. 27°49'50"S 64°03'42"W , vi.1940 , M. Birabén leg. ( MLP ) . Santa Fé : 1♀ 2j#, Parque Nacional da Islas de Santa Fé, ca. 32°16'47"S 60°43'17"W , 15-17.viii.1981 , Zanetti & Goloboff leg. ( MACN ) . Buenos Aires : 1♀ , Tigre , Canal Arias , no Delta , ca. 34°25'17"S 58°34'47"W , no date, M. Birabén leg. ( MLP ) ; 2♁ 7♀ , Don Torcuato , ca. 34°29'28"S 58°38'07"W , 1939, J.J. Boara leg. ( MACN ) ; 2♀ , Santa Cruz , ca. 34°38'10"S 58°23'36"W , no date, L. Nitsilhe leg. ( MLP 14005 ) . FIGURE 21. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , female genitalia (MCTP 37826), a epigyne, ventral, b vulva dorsal, c epigyne, prolateral, d epigyne, apical, e epigyne, posterior. Scale bars, a–e 1 mm. BS base of spermathecae, CO copulatory opening, FD fertilization duct, H hood, HS head of spermatheca, MS median septum, TS transversal septum. Diagnosis: Males of Tropicosa thorelli can be recognized by the perpendicular angle of the ventral process in reference to the median apophysis ( Figs 24c , 25b ) clearly visible in prolateral view when compared to Tropicosa baguala . Females of Tropicosa thorelli can be recognized by the length of the transversal septum equal to the widest part of the median septum ( Figs 21e , 22a ) and by the narrowest constriction of the median septum among all species in the genus ( Fig. 22b ). FIGURE 22. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , female genitalia (MCTP 37826), a epigyne, ventral, b vulva dorsal, c epigyne, prolateral, d epigyne, apical, e epigyne, ventral clarified f epigyne, posterior. Scale bars, a–f 0.2 mm. CD copulatory duct, CO copulatory opening, H hood, HS head of spermatheca, MS median septum, SS stalk of spermathecae, TS transversal septum. Description. Male (ICN-Ar 12813). Color in ethanol ( Figs 26a–f ): Prosoma dorsal shield dark brown covered by short black bristles except on longitudinal median band and submarginal band. Both longitudinal median and submarginal bands are straight, equally broad, and yellow. A marginal row of white setae uniformly distributed on cephalothorax ( Fig. 26a ). Sparse black bristles in the ocular area covered with white bristles. Four long black bristles on the clypeal condyle anterior to anterior eye row. One large black bristle between the AME. First row of eyes procurved, slightly shorter than the second row; AME larger than the ALE; PME separated by a shorter length as their radii ( Fig. 26b ). Chelicerae with three retromarginal teeth decreasing in size from basal to distal; promargin with three teeth, the median bigger ( Fig. 26d ). Chelicerae creamy each with a fuzzy longitudinal brown stripe covered frontally with long brown hairs. Chillum brown sclerotized and divided. Basal condyle present and clearer than the chelicerae. Sternum longer than wide, light brown covered by short black bristles in the marginal area; a transverse dark brown band is present ( Fig. 26e ); endites creamy and convergent; labium square shaped darker than the endites; both endites and labium yellowish in their distal portion. Legs: All segments of legs creamy with two dorsal wavy stripes on femora. Opisthosoma background olive dispersed black bristles covering mainly on dorsal part; heart mark present; a group of strong white and black bristles on dorsal proximal part near cephalothorax ( Figs 26a, 26b ). Parallel whitish bands on both sides of the heart mark. Venter orangish sparsely covered by tiny black bristles and white bristles distributed on both lateral sides; spinnerets orange; both anterior and posterior spinnerets cylindrical ( Fig. 26e ). FIGURE 23. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , female (MCTP 37826), a habitus, dorsal, b frontal, c lateral, d tarsus I, ventral, e habitus, ventral, f tarsus IV ventral. Scale bars, a, c, e 2mm, b 1mm, d, f 0.5 mm. Palp tibiae cylindrical slightly wider apically. Cymbium piriform, stridulatory organ present ( Fig. 26f ). Subtegulum rounded shape; tegulum sclerotized with a curved sperm duct. Ventral process triangular and bigger than median apophysis ( Figs 24d , 25 ba, 25b). Tegular lobe sclerotized with a membranous inner portion. Terminal apophysis beak-shape curved and oriented counterclockwise ( Fig. 25b ). Subterminal apophysis present and membranous ( Fig. 25b ). Palea half sclerotized with no protuberances ( Figs 24a , 25e ). Embolus slender and curved, pars pendula present ( Fig. 25c ). FIGURE 24. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , copulatory bulb (ICN-Ar 12813), a ventral, b prolateral, c retrolateral, d apical. Scale bars, a–d 1mm. E embolus, MA median apophysis, P palea, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, TA terminal apophysis, TK tegular keel, TLB tegualr lobe, VP ventral process. FIGURE 25. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , copulatory bulb (ICN-Ar 12813), a retrolateral, b ventral, c prolateral, d posterior, e apical, f cymbium apical setae. Scale bars, a–f 0.2 mm. CMS cymbium macrosetae, E embolus, MA median apophysis, P palea, pp pars pendula, ST subtegulum, STA subterminal apophysis, T tegulum, TA terminal apophysis, TLB tegualr lobe, VP ventral process. Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-2 d 1-1-1 r d1-d1-d1, II p 0-1-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1-d1-0- d1, III p d1-d1 d 1-1-1 r d1-d1-d1, IV p d1-0-d1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1; patella I p 1 d 1bristle-1bristle ap r 1, II p 1 d 1bristle- 1bristle ap r 1, IIIp 1 d 1bristle-1bristle ap r 1, IV p 1 d 1bristle-1bristle ap r 1; tibia I p 1-1v d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-2ap r 1-1, II p 1-1v d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-2ap, III p 1-1v d r1-1 r 1-1v v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1r-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 1-1-2ap r 0-0-2ap d 1bristle-0 v 2-2-1ap, II p 1-1-2ap d 1-bristle-0 r 1-1-2ap v 2-2-1ap, III p 1d-1-2 d 1bristle-0 r 1d- 1d-2ap v 2-2-1ap, IV p 1d-1d-2ap d 1bristle-1bristle r 1d-2-1-2ap v 2-2-1ap. Measurements. TL 10.57, CL 5.67, CCW 2.27, CTW 4.16, CCH 2.01, CTH 2.09. Eyes: AME 0.27, ALE 0.09, PME 0.19, PLE 0.42, interdistances: AME-AME 0.13; AME-ALE 0.09; PME-PME 0.31; PME-PLE 0.43; PLEPLE 0.95. POQ long 0.81, POQ posterior width 1.26, POQ anterior width 0.79, AER 1.95, PER 2.27 Opisthosoma length 4.90, width 2.75. Pedipalp segments: 1.92 + 0.99 + 0.94 + 1.88 = 5.73. Legs: I 4.07 + 1.99 + 3.27 + 3.08 + 2.35 = 14.76, II 3.67 + 1.86 + 2.73 + 2.97 + 2.24 = 13.47, III 3.49 + 1.32 + 2.84 + 3.38 + 2.08 = 13.11, IV 4.69 + 1.81 + 3.72 + 5.42 + 2.80 = 18.44. Female (MCTP 37826). Color in ethanol ( Fig. 23a‒f ): Coloration as in male but paler ( Fig. 23a ). Chelicerae with three teeth in the retromargin furrow decreasing in size from the distal to basal teeth; promargin with two teeth, the distal bigger than the basal; chelicerae creamy frontally covered with long brown hairs; a fuzzy longitudinal brown stripe; chillum divided conspicuous and sclerotized ( Fig. 23b ); basal condyle notorious and clearer than the chelicerae. Sternum as in males ( Fig. 23e ); endites light brown and convergent; labium darker than the endites; both endites and labium yellowish in their distal portion. Legs: All legs as in male. Opisthosoma has the same pattern as in male. FIGURE 26. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , male (ICN-Ar-12813), a habitus, dorsal, b frontal, c lateral, d labium, endite and chelicerae, e habitus, ventral f stridulatory organ. Scale bars, a–d 0.2 mm, f 0.1mm. S scrapper, TDF tibial distal file. Epigyne ( Figs 21 , 22 ), median septum visibly wider anteriorly almost thrice the width of median septum, lateral lobes not sclerotized. Transversal septum straight and low, same length of wider part of median septum ( Figs. 21e , 22e ). In ventral view the atrium is narrow following the median septum pattern. Hoods triangular, parallel, and separated from each other. The copulatory openings are located narrow and parallel to the median septum ( Fig. 22e ). In dorsal view, the fertilization duct is membranous, tiny, and thin. ( Fig. 21b ). Head of spermatheca is triangular, larger than stalk ( Fig. 22b ) which is narrow, curved, and convergent. Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1, II p 0-1-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1-0-d1, III p 0-d1- d1 d 1-1-1 r d1-d1-d1, IV p 0-d1-d1-0-d1ap d 1-1-1 r 0-0-d1ap; patella I d 1-ap(1 bristle), II d 1-ap(1 bristle), III p 1 d (1bristle)-1ap r 1, IV p 1 d (1 bristle)-1ap r 1; tibia I p 0-v1 d (1 bristle)-0 v 2-1-2ap, II p 1-v1 v 2-2-2ap, III p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 0-d1-2 r 0-0-1ap v 2-2-1ap, II p 0-1-2 r 0-0-1 v 2-2-1ap, III p d1-d1-2 r 1-1-2 v 2-2-1ap, IV p d1-d1-2ap r d1-d1-2ap v 2-2-1ap. Measurements. TL 10.43, CL 5.18, CCW 2.38, CTW 3.59, CCH 2.07, CTH 1.94. Eyes: AME 0.22, ALE 0.19, PME 0.52, PLE 0.45, interdistances:AME-AME 0.12; AME-ALE 0.09; PME-PME 0.40; PME-PLE 0.52; PLE-PLE 1.12. POQ length 0.95, POQ posterior width 1.50, POQ anterior width 0.92, AER 1.06, PER 1.37. Opisthosoma length 5.25, width 2.63. Pedipalp segments: 1.67 + 0.86 + 1.19 - + 1.29 = 5.01. Legs: I 3.84 + 1.84 + 3.28 + 2.71 + 1.92 = 13.59, II 3.49 + 1.55 + 2.91 + 2.55 + 1.82 = 12.32, III 3.37 + 1.51 + 2.79 + 2.78 + 1.84 = 12.29, IV 4.49 + 1.72 + 3.81 + 4.92 + 2.16 = 17.1. FIGURE 27. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , female (MUSM 504130), a habitus, frontal, b epigyne ventral, c sternum, d vulva dorsal, e labium, endites and chelicerae, f epigyne posterior. Scale bars, a, c e 0.5mm, b, d, f 0.3mm. H hood, HS head of spermatheca, MS median septum. FIGURE 28. Tropicosa thorelli ( Keyserling, 1877 ) , comb. nov. , male palp (MUSM 500229), a retrolateral, b ventral, c prolateral d copulatory bulb, retrolateral, e ventral, f prolateral, g posterior, h apical, i dorsal. Scale bars, a–c 0.5 mm, d–i 0.3 mm. CMS cymbium macrosetae, DC dorsal channel, E embolus, MA median apophysis, P palea, pp pars pendula, SD seminal duct, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, TA terminal apophysis, TK tegular keel, TLB tegualr lobe, VP ventral process. Variation. Males n = 20, range, mean±s.d.: TL 6.33–10.33, 7.93±1.22; CL 3.33–5.33, 4.13±0.55; CW 2.33– 3.77, 2.96±0.40. Females n = 16, range, mean±s.d.: TL 8.55–12.77, 11.16±1.38; CL 4.44–6.44, 4.55±0.59; CW 3.22–4.67, 4.00±0.44. Distribution: Colombia (Pacific, Andean, and Llanos), Peru (northern Amazon), Paraguay (southern region), Brazil (southern region) and Argentina (northern region) ( Fig. 33 ).