Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda) Author Wesener, Thomas urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. & Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. & B 54 D 3623309 Author Enghoff, Henrik urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Author Sierwald, Petra urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. text ZooKeys 2009 2009-09-04 19 19 1 128 journal article 10.3897/zookeys.19.221 e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1 1313–2970 576503 C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C Caprobolus Wesener , gen. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 23C9C435- 1012-44 AE-8FF1-82C471F2A0E4 Type species : Caprobolus andringitra sp. n. , monotypic Diagnosis : mandible with a very short molar plate ( Fig. 40F ), so far a unique character (but the shape of the mandible is only known for a few genera of Spirobolida ). Anterior and posterior gonopods of Caprobolus are unique for Spirobolida . Anterior gonopods with a conspicuously enlarged, slender sternite ( Fig. 41A ), but sternite still much wider than in Spiromimus (Wesener and Enghof, 2009) . Telopodite of anterior gonopods prominently enlarged into unique, long, slender, sabre-like processes ( Fig. 41B ). Basis of telopodite process projecting into a slender, well-rounded retrorse process ( Fig. 41B ), which is present in numerous genera of Spirobolida . Telopodite of posterior gonopod longer than, but as wide as, coxite ( Fig. 41C ). Telopodite basally deeply divided into two branches of almost similar width and length ( Figs 41 C–E). Sperm canal is free, starting at basis of telopodite, only slightly attached to shorter, lateral main branch ( Fig. 41E ). Sperm canal projecting as a flagellum above telopodite branches ( Fig. 41D ). Shares a reddish colour pattern and a yellowish dorsal stripe with Spiromimus de Saussure & Zehntner, 1901 , Alluviobolus gen. n. and Ostinobolus gen. n. Gnathochilarium with a subdivided mentum and a single sclerotized ledge on each stipites ( Fig. 39E ), like in Flagellobolus , Riotintobolus , Pseudocentrobolus , Granitobolus , Alluviobolus gen. n. , Ostinobolus gen. n. Distribution and ecology : only known from the rainforests of Andringitra, close by Ivohibe and Vevembe, located at the edge of the high plateau towards the east coast in the southern half of Madagascar ( Fig. 30 ). The only known species of Caprobolus was collected in Andringitra together with a Spiromimus species. Etymology : Caprobolus , masculine, composed of Capro -, formed after capricornus , which refers to the tropic of Capricorn where this genus was first collected, and -bolus .