South American Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) classification and nomenclature: some problems and solutions Author Smith, Andrew B. T. Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature P. O. Box 3443, Station D Ottawa, ON, K 1 P 6 P 4, CANADA asmith @ mus-nature. ca text Insecta Mundi 2008 2008-12-05 2008 60 1 28 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.5170193 1942-1354 5170193 17196FAF-00D5-438D-9994-C5BAA2E6AE90 Pristerophora paulseni new species Type locality . “ Chile : X Región de Los Lagos : Parque Nacional Vincente Pérez Rosales : Volcán Osorno : 41 o 08.496' S , 72 o 32.096' W . Type series. Holotype male (Fig. 13) at MNNC labeled a) “ CHILE : REGIN X ( LOS LAGOS ) / P.N. Vincente Pérez Rosales / Volcán Osorno , beating & sweeping / S 41 o 08.496' W72 o 32.096' , 900 m / 26 January 2006 / A.B.T. Smith , M.J. Paulsen ” (typeset), b) “ PRISTEROPHORA / PAULSENI / SMITH / HOLOTYPE [male symbol]” (red label, handwrit- ten and typeset), c) “Southern Neotropical Scar- abs / database # AS 2615776 / Pristerophora paulseni / Smith, 2008 [male symbol] / DET: A.B.T.SMITH 2008” (typeset). Eight male paratypes at HAHC labeled “ CHILE / Prov. Llanquihue / Rio Muerto / G. Kuschel-leg / Coll . Martnez / 25-1-950” (handwritten). One male paratype at HAHC labeled “ CHILE / Concepción / Cekalovik-leg. / Coll. Martínez / Dic.-984” (hand- written). Two male paratypes at HAHC labeled “ ARGENTINA / NEUQUEN / Curruhe’Chico / Margen Este / Coll. Martínez / Feb.-967” (hand- written). Four male paratypes at HAHC labeled “ ARGENTINA / NEUQUEN / Curruhe’Chico / Coll. Martínez / Feb.-967” (handwritten). Three male paratypes at HAHC labeled “ ARGENTINA / NEUQUEN / S.M. de los Andes / Giai-leg. / Coll. Martínez / Dic.-957” (handwritten). One male Figure 15-17. Pristerophora spp. parameres. 15) P. paratype at HAHC labeled “ ARGENTINA / longipes . 16) P. paulseni . 17) P. picipennis . NEUQUEN / P. N. LANIN / S. M. de los Andes / Molinari-leg. / Feb.-958” (handwritten). One male paratype at HAHC labeled “ ARGENTINA / NEUQUEN / NAHUEL HUAPI / Isla Victoria / Monrós-legit / Ene.-943” (handwritten). One male paratype at HAHC labeled “ ARGENTINA / Rio Negro / Bariloche / M. A. [illegible]-leg / Coll. Martínez ” (handwritten). Three male paratypes at HAHC labeled “ Km.No 50) / Coyhaique-Aysen / Prov. Aysen / 24-Enero-1961 / Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled a) “ Km.No 50) / Coyhaique-Aysen / Prov. Aysen” (typeset), b) “ 24-Enero-1961 / Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset). Two male paratypes at BMNH labeled a) “ CHILE : Reg. XI / Queulat N.P. / P.M. Hammond ” (typeset), b) “Base area / 21.xi-12.xii.03” (typeset). One male paratype at BMNH labeled a) “ CHILE : Reg. XI / Queulat N.P. / P.M. Hammond ” (typeset), b) “Below base / 1-10.xii.03 / shrub flowers” (typeset). One male paratype at BMNH labeled a) “ CHILE : Reg. XI / Queulat N.P. / P.M. Hammond ” (typeset), b) “ 6 km SW / Base” (handwritten). Two male paratypes at FMNH (1) and HAHC (1) labeled “CHERQUENCO / Ener.- Feb.1954 / T. Ramirez , leg-” (typeset). One male paratype at FMNH labeled “PICHINAHUEL / 12-20.Feb.1953 / Coll. L. E. PENA” (typeset). One male paratype at HAHC labeled “Prov. AYSEN / Aysen Km.50. / Coyhaique / 24 Enero-1961 / Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset). Three male paratypes at FMNH labeled a) “Prov. AYSEN / Aysen Km.50. / Coyhaique” (typeset), b) “ 24 Enero-1961 / Coll: L.E. Pena ” (typeset). One male paratype at HAHC labeled “ X-1950 / Pucará / P. Nac. Lanín / I. Schajovskoi ” (typeset). One male paratype at USNM labeled “ CHILE : Prov. Osorno / Rio Blanco ca. 5 km / NW Las Cascadas / 41 o 03’S , 72 o 39’W / 26 Jan 1998 / N. E. Woodley ” (typeset). One male paratype at HAHC labeled “ CHILE : Region IX / Pucon / 39 o 16’S 71 o 58’W / 3.XII.2002 , L. Masner ” (typeset). One male paratype at HAHC labeled a) “ ARGENTINA : pr. Rio Negro / Lago Mascardi / 41 o 21’S , 71 o 32’W / S. Rubulis , Dec.- Jan. 1985 ” (typeset), b) “in water tank” (typeset). Five male paratypes at FMNH labeled “Rio Ventisquero / Lo. Yelcho Chiloe / Chile 5-9-XII-85 / Coll. L. E. Pena ” (typeset). Three male paratypes at LEMQ labeled “ CHILE : Aysén / Puerto Aysén / XI.1985 , L. Peña ” (typeset). One male paratype at MNNC labeled “ P.N. Vicente Perez R / Co Santo Domingo / 26-I-1973 / Col. C. Vivar T. ” (typeset and handwritten). Seven male paratypes at MNNC labeled “ P.N. Vicente Perez R / Co Santo Domingo / 28-I-1973 / J. Solervicens ” (typeset and handwritten). Six male paratypes at MNNC labeled “ P.N. Vicente Perez R / Co Santo Domingo / 29-I-1973 / Col. C. Vivar T. ” (typeset and handwritten). One male paratype at MNNC labeled “ P.N. Vicente Perez R / Co Santo Domingo / 19 / Col. C. Vivar T. ” (typeset and handwritten). Two male paratypes at ABTS (1) and MJPC (1) labeled “ CHILE : REGIÓN X (LOS LAGOS) / P.N. Vicente Perez Rosales / Volcán Osorno, chicken carrion pitfall / S41 o 07.908' W72 o 32.248' , 1035 m / 26-28 January 2006 / A.B.T. Smith & M.J. Paulsen ” (typeset). Four male paratypes at CDFA labeled “ ARGENTINA : Neuquen Prov. / Parque Nacional Lanin, 2km S / Paso Tromen Mamuil Malal / I- 3-2006 , 1400 m / 39 o 36.49’S W71 o 21.70’ W / Fred G. Andrews ” (typeset). One male paratype at CMNC labeled “ ARGENTINA : NEUQUÉN / RP 65, pasando Arroyo Pedregoso / Bosque de Coihue en matriz de / ñire con caña viva; 852 m / 40.6224613 oS , 71.5959355 oW / January 2005 ; P. Sackmann / LT3S2E5C10” (typeset). One male paratype at IAZA labeled “ ARGENTINA : NEUQUÉN / RN 231,”Muelle de Piedra”; 833 m / Bosque de Coihue, con ciprés / 40.82456131 oS , 71.56471769 oW / January 2005 ; P. Sackmann / LT4S4E5C8” (typeset). One male paratype at IAZA labeled “ ARGENTINA : RÍO NEGRO / RN 258, divisoria de Aguas, antes / de la casa del guardaparques; Bosque / mixto de Coihue, Ciprés y Radal; 849 m / 41.26894986 oS , 71.49535988 oW / January 2005 ; P. Sackmann / LT5S4E5C5” (typeset). Two male paratypes at CMNC (1) and IAZA (1) labeled “ ARGENTINA : NEUQUÉN / RP 62, Termas de Lahuen-Có / Bosque de Coihue (algo de ñire) / y caña seca; 938 m / 39.82749922 oS , 71.62877723 oW / January 2005 ; P. Sackmann / LT1S1E5C7” (typeset). One male paratype at CDFA labeled “ ARGENTINA : Neuquen Provence / Dept Collon Cura, 27km S La / Rinconada; 640m ; / 40 o 10.99’S / W70 o 39.86’ W; 25-27.XII.2005 ; ME / Irwin; Ex: malaise on cliffside dune” (typeset). One male paratype at MZLU labeled a) “Chile, Laguna San / Rafael. / Brattström-Dahl.” (handwritten), b) “LUND UNIV. CHILE EXP. 1948-49. / No.T35 Ins 4 13/2 1949 . / St. no. T22 leg.” (typeset and handwritten), c) “T22 13.II 1949 / Ins. 4 / T35” (handwritten). One male paratype at HAHC labeled a) “4496.” (handwritten), b) “Colección / R. Gutiérrez / 1958” (typeset). One male paratype at BMNH labeled a) “ CHILE : Soler V. / Laguna San Rafael N.P. / Jan-Feb. 1999” (typeset), b) “ P.M. Hammond / K.A. Jackson / BM-1999-107” (typeset). One female paratype at CMNC labeled “ ARGENTINA : NEUQUÉN / RP 62, Termas de Lahuen-Có / Bosque de Coihue (algo de ñire) / y caña seca; 938 m / 39.82749922 oS , 71.62877723 oW / January 2005 ; P. Sackmann / LT1S1E5C6” (typeset). Four male paratypes at CMNC labeled “ CHILE : REGIÓN X ( LOS LAGOS ) / P.N. Vincente Pérez Rosales / Volcán Osorno, beating & sweeping / S 41 o 08.496' W72 o 32.096' , 900 m / 26 January 2006 / A.B.T. Smith , M.J. Paulsen ” (typeset). Four male paratypes at CMNC labeled “ CHILE : REGIN X ( LOS LAGOS ) / P.N. Vincente Pérez Rosales / Volcán Osorno / S 41 o 08.496' W72 o 32.096' , 900 m / 26 January 2006 , UV/MV light / A.B.T. Smith , M.J. Paulsen ” (typeset). One male paratype at CMNC labeled “ CHILE : REGIN X ( LOS LAGOS ) / P.N. Vincente Pérez Rosales / Volcán Osorno / S 41 o 08.496' W72 o 32.096' , 900 m / 26 January 2006 / A.B.T. Smith , M.J. Paulsen , J. Mondaca ” (typeset). One male paratype at FSCA labeled a) “ CHILE : IX Reg: Araucania / Malleco; P. N. Malalcahuello / V. Lonquimay , -38.427 -71.531 / 2-4-II-2006 ; J. Heppner , A. / Angulo, J. Brambila , B. Sutton ” (typeset), b) “ 1450m ; araucania / forest to treeline; 6m / malaise trap 100m / below treeline” (typeset). All paratypes listed above also bear a yellow paratype label and a Southern Neotropical Scarabs database label . Description of holotype (Fig. 13). Male. Length 7.9 mm , width 4.0 mm. Dorsal and ventral color dark brown; abdomen ventrally with lateral striped pattern, sternites with light tan apical strip contrasting with dark basal and medial color. Dorsal surface entirely setose; setae with thick, recumbent, white setae intermixed with thin, erect, tan setae. Head : surface densely punctate and setose. Clypeus concave with bisinuate; apex reflexed with well-defined, upturned border. Eyes prominent by not bulbous. Antennae with 9 antennomeres; antennal club with 3 antennomeres, club approximately equal in length to antennomeres 1-6 combined. Labrum reduced, hidden below clypeus. Maxillary robust, triangular, basal width approximately equal to width of mentum; maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres, apical palpomere extending beyond clypeus in dorsal view. Mentum approximately twice as long as wide, with weak longitudinal trough; labial palpus greatly reduced. Pronotum : surface densely punctate and setose. Pronotum widest medially with smooth margins. Elytra : moderately punctate with microsculpturing, striae weakly defined; surface densely setose. Venter : punctation and setae similar to dorsal surface. Pygidium weakly convex; surface densely to moderately punctate and setose, with microsculpturing. Legs : protibia with two apical teeth on outer margin, remainder of protibial margin with 8 smaller teeth in a saw-tooth configuration. Claws widely separated by at least a 60 angle, symmetrical, each side split subapically. Protibial spur present, metatibial spurs absent. Genitalia : Fig. 16. Variation. Length 6.1-9.3 mm . Color variable; dorsal color light brown to dark brown. Females with antennal club length distinctly shorter than length of antennomeres 1-6 combined (approximately equal in males); with 2 metatibial spurs (both absent in males), spurs on one side of tarsal insertion. Etymology. I am very pleased to name this species in honor of M. J. Paulsen, who has been an excellent collaborator and field companion for the Scarab Biodiversity of Southern South America project. Distribution (Fig. 26). Argentina : Neuquén , Río Negro; Chile : VIII-XI Región. Temporal data. January (48), February (9), March (7), October (1), November (7), December (12). Remark. Specimens of this new species were col- lected flying around Nothofagus trees at dusk and at mercury vapor lights after dark near Volcán Osorno in Chile .