A contribution to the genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924 in China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae) Author Zhang, Wei B7919DEB-15AA-4915-B155-9866D4ECFA06 The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. zyhnjnu@163.com Author Lei, Zhi-Ming 720E4C28-2AF3-4E95-B0A5-DA16506B0A24&77E8C53E-8710-4C92-9283-7D99D2095765 The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. & The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. zrqz.lzm@qq.com&1824201416@qq.com Author Zhou, Chang-Fa 73E0090E-6A83-4238-893C-EFD79A2590DA The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. zhouchangfa@njnu.edu.cn text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-09-15 767 1 94 116 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1491 journal article 4206 10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1491 af600829-34a8-4c58-b5af-adaac0d1a78e 2118-9773 5514875 B606054C-025E-43AC-9507-14E755343A7A Afronurus yixingensis ( Wu & You, 1986 ) Figs 6F , 7M–O , 12E , 13I–J Cinygmina yixingensis Wu & You, 1986: 280 , figs 1–13 (male, female). Types : male, female, from Jiangsu , China . Cinygmina yixingensis – Gui 1985: 86 . — Wu et al . 1986: 66, figs 23–33 (nymph). — Zhang & Cai 1991: 237 . — She et al. 1995: 79 . — You & Gui 1995: 53 , fig. 52 (male). — Zhou & Zheng 2003: 758 , figs 10, 14, 18 (adults and nymph). Afronurus yixingensis – Braasch & Jacobus 2011: 65 . Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂ ; Jiangsu Province , Yi-Xing city, Ming-Ling village ; 31°10′5.02″ N , 119°40′17.52″ E ; alt. 67 m ; 15 Jul. 1980 ; T. Wu leg.; NNU . Paratypes CHINA • 10 ♂♂ , 2 ♂♂ subimagoes, 6 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; NNU . Additional material CHINA • 12 ♂♂ (some reared from mature nymphs), 15 ♀♀ subimagoes, 40 nymphs; Hainan Province , Chang-Jiang County , Ba-Wang-Ling National Forest Park ; 19°07′16.28″ N , 109°05′0.56″ E ; alt. 304 m ; 12–14 Nov. 2014 ; Q. Si , J.Z. Sun and J.Y. Luo leg.; NNU . Description Nymph See Zhou & Zheng (2003: 758 , fig. 10, first description). Male imago See Wu & You (1986: 280 , figs 1–13, original description). Egg ( Fig. 6F ) Ovoid, small KCTs concentrated at each pole, large KCTs and oval micropyles located equatorially. Remarks Among the six valid Chinese Afronurus species , A. yixingensis and A. hunanensis are separated into one group because of the similar color patterns of the head capsule in nymphs. However, as stated above for A. hunanensis , the nymphs can be separated by shape of hypopharynx, glossae, gills VII, number of comb-shaped setae on maxillae and color patterns of caudal filaments. In the male imago, they can easily be differentiated by shape of penes, titillators and projection between penial lobes. Fig. 13. Genitalia of five species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924 . A–B . A. furcatus ( Zhou & Zheng, 2003 ) (NNU) . C–D . A. hunanensis ( Zhang & Cai, 1991 ) (NNU) . E–F . A. obliquistriatus ( You et al ., 1981 ) (NNU) . G–H . A. rubromaculatus ( You et al ., 1981 ) (NNU) . I–J . A. yixingensis ( Wu & You, 1986 ) (NNU) . A, C, E, G, I . Genitalia. B, D, F, H, J . Penes enlarged; arrows show titillators. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I = 0.5 mm; B, D, F, H, J = 0.2 mm. Distribution China ( Hebei , Hubei , Hunan , Anhui , Jiangxi , Guizhou , Jiangsu , Zhejiang , Fujian , Hainan ). Ecology Among the six Chinese Afronurus species studied in this paper, A. obliquistriatus , A. rubromaculatus and A. yixingensis are more common than the others and they are frequently found at the collecting sites. The last instar nymphs of A. obliquistriatus are recorded molting at about 10:00–12:30 AM or 17:00–19:30 PM while the last instar nymphs of A. rubromaculatus and A. yixingensis molted at about 16:00–19:00 PM local time, and these three species are observed molting underwater. The subimagoes persisted for 1–2 days and molted at 12:00–15:00 PM, the whole process lasting about 2–4 minutes. Moreover, in another observed species, A. drepanophyllus sp. nov. , the last instar nymph molted at about 17:00–18:00 PM and the male subimago molted at 15:00–16:00 PM, the process lasting about 90 seconds.