Description of a new species and revised key to species of the Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) Author Shimizu, So text Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 2017 2017-06-30 57 1 183 194 https://www.aemnp.eu/acta-entomologica/volume-57-1/1672/description-of-a-new-species-and-revised-key-to-species-of-the-enicospilus-antefurcalis-species-group-from-japan-hymenoptera-ichneumonidae-ophioninae.html journal article 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067 0374-1036 5316015 0B9DB175-777A-4D47-BD31-1A73F7B4F7BB Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group Diagnosis. This group is characterized and distinguished from the other groups by the following combination of character states: interocellar area generally yellowish brown; outer surface of mandible with a diagonal hirsute groove between upper proximal corner and base of teeth ( Figs 2, 3 ); mandible evenly narrowed ( Figs 2, 3 ); mesopleuron more or less punctostriate or roughly and strongly striate ( Fig. 6 ); metapleuron usually diagonally punctostriate to striate ( Figs 6, 7 ); fenestra of fore wing usually with the central, distal, and proximal sclerites ( Fig. 5 ); central sclerite of fenestra usually strongly pigmented and positioned in middle to distal part of fenestra and rarely completely lacking ( Fig. 5 ); proximal sclerite of fenestra distinct and large ( Fig. 5 ); Rs+2r straight to slightly sinuate ( Fig. 5 ); and fore wing with ICI = 0.4–0.8, CI = 0.2–0.5, SDI = 1.1–1.5 ( Fig. 5 ). Differential diagnosis. The group considerably resembles the E . ramidulus species-group, and these groups share the following characteristics: interocellar area generally yellowish brown; outer surface of mandible with a diagonal hirsute groove between upper proximal corner and base of teeth ( Figs 2, 3 ); proximal sclerite of fore wing distinct and large ( Figs 2, 3 ); Rs+2r straight to slightly sinuate, not strongly sinuate or arcuate ( Fig. 5 ). However, when focusing only on Japanese species of both of the E. antefurcalis and E . ramidulus speciesgroups, species of the E. antefurcalis species-group are distinguishable from the E . ramidulus species-group by the following combination of character states: characteristic mandible, i.e., mandible evenly narrowed and its profile usually moderately long ( Figs 2, 3 ), but mandible proximally narrowed and distally parallel-sided or cylindrical, and its profile usually long and slender in the E . ramidulus species-group; at least part of the mesopleuron and/or metapleuron punctostriate to striate ( Figs 6, 7 ), but mesopleuron and metapleuron regularly punctate, i.e., mesopleuron punctate to punctostriate and metapleuron usually punctate in the E . ramidulus species-group. Remarks. Most of the species-groups of Enicospilus , including the E . antefurcalis species-group, were defined by Gauld (e.g., GAULD 1988 , GAULD & MITCHELL 1981 ), but these species-groups are merely hypotheses that have not actually been phylogenetically tested; thus, there is no particular evidence that the Enicospilus species-groups are monophyletic, although they are often readily recognizable. Nevertheless, a comprehensive phylogenetic research is strongly necessary to reveal the relationships between species within the genus. The group previously comprised 14 described species: E . aciculatus (Taschenberg, 1875) and E . melanocarpus Cameron, 1905 from the Australasian, Eastern Palaearctic, Oceanic, and Oriental Regions; E . antefurcalis (Szépligeti, 1908) , E . bicoloratus Cameron, 1912 , E . polemus Gauld, 1982 , and E . watshami Gauld, 1982 only from the Afrotropical Region; E . laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921) from the Afrotropical and Oriental Regions; E . marathwadensis Nikam, 1980 only from the Oriental Region; E . ruscus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 from the Afrotropical and Oceanic Regions; E . sauteri (Enderlein, 1921) from the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental Regions; E . xaivus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 , E . xuthus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 , and E . ypsilon Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 only from the Australasian Region; E . kalveus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 only from Oceanic Region ( GAULD & MITCHELL 1981 , GAULD 1982 , YU et al. 2012 ).