Further records of the opossum shrimp Neognathophausia ingens (Dorhn, 1870) (Peracarida: Lophogastrida: Gnathophausiidae) from Brazil Author Huber, Augusto Frederico Author Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra Author Araujo, Paula Beatriz De text Zootaxa 2019 2019-04-05 4577 2 371 380 journal article 27377 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2.9 972b9715-b982-4f19-b54c-602eadf55f52 1175-5326 2629776 36583309-8658-4D1D-B1AE-DF9E2DD7E1AA Neognathophausia ingens ( Dohrn, 1870 ) ( Figs. 1–5 ) Lophogaster ingens Dohrn, 1870 : 610 , pl. 31, figs. 12–14. Gnathophausia inflata Willemoes-Suhm, 1873 : in MS ( nomem nudum ). Gnathophausia calcarata G. O. Sars, 1883 : 5 –6; 1885: 35, pl. IV; Ortmann 1906 : 30 , pl. I (2a–f). Gnathophausia bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: 269 . Gnathophausia doryphora Illig, 1906 : 227 –228, fig. 1A–D. Gnathophausia ingens— G. O. Sars, 1883 : 4 .— Illig 1930 : 407 –408, figs. 11–12.— W.M. Tattersall 1939 : 224 –225.— Fage 1941 : 15 –24, figs. 20, 24–25; Nouvel 1943: 9–12, pl. I (4).— W.M. Tattersall 1951 : 25 –26.— O. S. Tattersall 1955 : 31 – 35.—Clarke 1961: figs. 1–8.— Pequegnat 1965 : 402 –403, 406, 408, figs. 3–4, 8, tables 1–2.—Casanova 1977: 328–330.— Kathman et al . 1986 : 160 –161.—Escobar-Briones & Soto 1991 : table 1.— Casanova 1996 : 129 ; Casanova et al . 1998 : 60 .— Serejo et al . 2007 : Tabs. 3, 4.— Price et al . 2009 : 923 –928.— Meland & Aas 2013 : 203 , fig. 2.— Gunalan & Kumar 2014 : 123 , Figs. 1 , 3–4 , tables 1 and 2. Neognathophausia ingens — Petryashov, 1992 : 47 –48.— Petryashov 2005 : 959 , 968–969, Fig. 3 .— Petryashov 2007 : Tab. 2; 2015: figs. 5, 6.— Wittmann & Wirtz 1998 : 512 .— Dürr & González 2002 : 367 , Tab. 3.— Haroun & Garrido 2003 : 68 .— Wittmann et al . 2004 : 1261 , table I.— Serejo et al . 2007 : 142 , Tab. 2.—Wittmann et al . 2007.—Wittmann & Riera 2012: 70–71. Type locality. Off the west coast of Africa. Material examined. One female (CL, 10.1 cm ), Thiago EJ II, St. 23#1 ( 32°22.173’S , 50°13.829’W ), 330 m , coll. Luiz F.R. Moro , 14/II/2018 ( UFRGS 6587 ); one female (CL, 8.7 cm ), Thiago EJ II, St. 24 ( 32°29.967’S , 50°16.941’W ), 237 m , coll. Luiz F.R. Moro , 14/II/2018 ( UFRGS 6588 ) ; one male (CL, 8.1 cm ), REVIZEE Pesca , Bahia II , St. E0547 ( 21°46.57’S , 39°53.35’W ), 1105 m , coll. N.O. Thalassa , 06/VII/2000 ( MNRJ 15042 ); one male (CL, 10 cm ) and one US ( 3.5 cm ), REVIZEE Pesca , Bahia II, St. 0 538 ( 20°27.667’S , 39°38.101’W to 20°32.771’S , 39°37.65’W ), 1680 m , coll. N.O. Thalassa , 02/ VI /2000 ( MNRJ 15041 ) ; one female (CL, 8.1 cm ), REVIZEE Pesca , Bahia II , St. E0524 ( 19°43.663’S , 38°39.838’W to 19°42.684’S , 38°44.568’W ), 925 m , coll. N.O. Thalassa , 27/VII/2000 ( MNRJ 15043 ) . Diagnosis. See Meland & Aas (2013) . Description. Carapace: smooth; rostrum triangular, short and weakly denticulate, surpassing antennal scale laterally and covering eyestalks partially ( Figs. 1A, B , 2A ); dorsal ridge at the basis of rostrum unarmed ( Fig. 2A ); dorsal keel interrupted in the middle region, extending anteriorly onto the rostrum and posteriorly onto the posterodorsal margin ( Fig. 1A ); upper and lower lateral keels continuous ( Fig. 2A ); cervical groove U-shaped ( Fig. 1A ); posterodorsal spine reduced ( Fig. 1A, B ); posterior margin of carapace emarginate with postero-lateral angles terminating in long and sharp spines ( Fig. 1A, B ). Eyes: large, reaching the end of the third antennular peduncle ( Fig. 1B ); cornea distinctly semi-ellipsoidal, occupying about 1/3 of whole eye ( Figs. 1A, B , 2A ). Antennule: antennular peduncle three-segmented; first and third segments about 2.3x as long as second; all segments bearing plumose setae ( Fig. 2B ). Antenna: antennal scale small and subovate, tapering into sharply pointed apex, unsegmented; external margin with 8 teeth and a short apical spine ( Fig. 2C ). FIGURE 1. Neognathophausia ingens (Dohrn, 1870) . A, habitus lateral view (UFRGS 6587); B, habitus dorsal view (UFRGS 6587). Scale bars, 2.5 cm. Mandible: mandibular palp three-segmented; second segment about 2.9x as long as first, about 1.6x as long as third ( Fig. 2D ); first and second segments bearing simple setae ( Fig. 2 D-3), third segment bearing plumose setae ( Fig. 2 D-2) and row of feathered setae ( Fig. 2 D-1); incisive process bearing five teeth, lacinia mobilis bicuspidate ( Fig. 2E ). Maxillule: base with 11 spines, endite covered by plumose setae, retroverted palp bi-articulated bearing long simple setae ( Fig. 2F ). Maxilla: sympodite consisting of three few distinct segments, coxa with a simple endite, basis with a bilobate endite, all covered by plumose setae along their margins; endopod two-segmented, covered by plumose setae, distolateral margin of first segment with one spine; exopod rounded, outer margin with plumose setae ( Fig. 2G ). Thoracopods: first thoracopod with endopod five-segmented, short and robust, covered by simple setae, exopod small, ribbon-type, covered by simple setae, base bearing a long leaf-like epipod ( Fig. 3A ); second thoracopod robust, exopod short, about 0.4x endopod length ( Fig. 3B ); third thoracopod robust, exopod short, about 0.4x endopod length, inner margin of dactylus armed with nine spines ( Fig. 3C ); fourth thoracopod slender, exopod short, about 0.5x endopod length, inner margin of dactylus armed with 11 spines ( Fig. 3D ); fifth thoracopod slender, exopod short, about 0.4x endopod length ( Fig. 3E ); sixth thoracopod slender, exopod short, about 0.5x endopod length ( Fig. 3F ); seventh thoracopod slender, exopod short, about 0.6x endopod length ( Fig. 3G ); eighth thoracopod slender ( Fig. 3H ), exopod short, about 0.7x endopod length; all dactyli of endopods with one strong spine on apex, inner margin with 8–11 spines; oostegites leaf-like increasing in size posteriorly. Pleon: pleural plates produced into two spines ( Fig. 4A ); epimera of sixth somite fused in the mid-ventral line into heart-shaped plate ( Fig. 4B ); all pleopods well developed, birramous in both sexes; exopods and endopods composed by 58–64 and 46–49 segments respectively, bearing compound setae ( Fig. 4 C–G). Tail fan: telson linguiform, about 3.5x as long as broad at its base, dorsal surface with two longitudinal keels ( Fig. 4H ), lateral margins with irregularly distributed spines ( Fig. 4H ), apex crescent-shaped ( Fig. 4H, I ); uropods shorter than telson, inner margin of sympodite unarmed ( Fig. 4J, K ). Distribution. Neognathophausia ingens is considered a cosmopolitan species, but does not occur in polar and sub-polar waters ( Meland & Aas 2013 ). Along the Atlantic coast of South America it has been recorded for the Brazilian coast and east of La Plata region in Argentina ( Fig. 5 ) ( Tattersall 1951 ; 1955 ; Serejo et al. 2007 ; Meland & Aas 2013 ). Bathymetric distribution. Occurring from 125 to 3391 m depth, being usually found between 600 to 1.500 m ( Meland & Aas 2013 ). Ecology . In the marine food webs, N. ingens feeds mainly on fishes ( Hopkins et al. 1994 ) and is an important food source in the diet of fishes of the family Berycidae ( Dürr & Gonzalez 2002 ) and the sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus ( Best 1999 ) . Regarding reproductive ecology, this species is considered semelparous ( Childress & Price 1978 ). Remarks. This species was first recorded from Brazil by Serejo et al. (2007) from the state of Bahia (BA) to Rio de Janeiro (RJ) ( 922–1815 m depth). However, a review of the material deposited in the MNRJ showed that there is no record for the state of Bahia . Therefore, the occurrence of N. ingens in Brazil has been limited to the states of Espirito Santo , Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul ( Fig. 5 ). The new records of N. ingens increases the southernmost limit for the species in Brazil about 1188 km . This contribution provides for the first time, illustrations and descriptions of the mandible ( Fig. 2D, E ), thoracopods 3–8 and dactyli 2–8 ( Fig. 3 B–H), pleopods 1–5 ( Fig. 4 C–G), and sympodite of uropod in dorsal view ( Fig. 4K ). The new illustrations could be useful for further taxonomic studies.