Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman Author Esmaeili, Hamid Reza 0000-0002-9736-397X hresmaeili @ shirazu. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9736 - 397 X hresmaeili@shirazu.ac.ir Author Jufaili, Saud Al 0000-0002-0930-5754 Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O Box 34 Al Khod 123 Muscat, Oman. sjufaily @ squ. edu. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0930 - 5754 sjufaily@squ.edu.om Author Masoumi, Amir Hassan 0000-0003-3509-2964 amirhassanmasoomi @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3509 - 2964 amirhassanmasoomi@gmail.com Author Zarei, Fatah 0000-0001-5552-4301 fataahzarei @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5552 - 4301 fataahzarei@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2022 2022-05-12 5134 4 451 503 journal article 55549 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1 aa696fc1-e783-4df4-b960-24dfeca95570 1175-5326 6541567 47796EB6-B7FE-4442-AED3-E664DCC9A9B4 19. Oreochromis niloticus ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) , Exotic Fig. 46 Etymology: Oreochromis : Latin , aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch; niloticus : refers to the Nile River . Common name: Nile Tilapia . Taxonomy: Perca nilotica was described by Linnaeus [C.] 1758:290 [ Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1] from Nile River . Holotype : ? NRM LP 10 . FIGURE 46. Oreochromis niloticus , an exotic and established fish in Oman (e.g., Wadi Arabieen). FIGURE 47. Distribution map of Oreochromis niloticus , an exotic and established fish in Oman. Pink: Southwestern Arabian Coast, green: Oman Mountains, and yellow: Arabian Interior. Synonyms: Chromis triacantha Bowdich [S. L.] 1825:235, fig. 52 [Fishes of Madeira; ref. 590] Gambia River . Tilapia calciati Gianferrari [L.] 1924:242, fig. [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 63. Tilapia regani , Poll [M.] 1932:32, Pls. 1 (fig. 2), 2 (fig. 2) [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 23 (no. 1). Tilapia vulcani Trewavas [E.] 1933:315, fig. 1 [The Journal of the Linnaean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259). Tilapia inducta Trewavas [E.] 1933:317, fig. 2 [The Journal of the Linnaean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259). Short description: Dorsal-fin spines 15–18, dorsal-fin soft rays 11–13, anal-fin rays III, 9–11, vertebrae 30–32. Oreochromis niloticus differs from O. mossambicus another introduced fish to the Arabian Peninsula by having 3–40 dark grey to black regularly shaped and set bars on caudal fin (increasing with fish size), all flank scales with dark-grey scale pockets, tip of membrane between dorsal-fin spine black, nuptial male whitish with pink anterior body and caudal fin. General distribution: North and East Africa. Widely introduced elsewhere, including Mississippi and Florida ( U.S.A. ), Mexico , Honduras , Costa Rica , Brazil , Ecuador , Uruguay , Argentina , Madagascar , Malaysia , Indonesia , Philippines and southern Japan . Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Distribution in Oman : It is widely distributed and established in Wadis and Aflaj ( Fig. 47 ). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O003. On 101, 12, Oman : Dhofar Governorate : Wadi Darbat , 17°05’55”N , 54°27’04”E , H. R . Esmaeili, S.M . Al-Jufaili, A. H Masoumi, 02 Jan. 2022 . ZM-CBSU: O005- On 113, 17, Oman : Ain Razat , 17°07’46”N , 54°14’19”E , H. R Esmaeili, S.M . Al-Jufaili, A.H . Masoumi, Jan. 2022 .