Bovidae Author Don E. Wilson Author Russell A. Mittermeier text 2011 2011-08-31 Lynx Edicions Barcelona Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals 444 779 book chapter 58516 10.5281/zenodo.6512484 67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111 978-84-96553-77-4 6512484 Family BOVIDAE (HOLLOW-HORNED RUMINANTS) • Fairly small to very large ruminants with hollow horns in males or in both sexes with a bony core, growing directly from the skull, and toes encased in sturdy hooves. • 40-480 cm. • Holarctic, Afrotropical, and Indo-Malayan Regions . • From desert and open plains, through forest to mountain areas; from cold temperate zones to tropics. • 54 genera, 279 species,at least 348 extant taxa. • 10 species Critically Endangered, 25 species Endangered, 52 species Vulnerable; 1 species Extinct in the Wild; 2 subspecies and 10 species Extinct since 1600.