Aspidistra guizhouensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
Author
Liu, An-Li
Author
Xu, Wen-Fen
Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, People’s Republic of China;
Author
He, Shun-Zhi
Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, People’s Republic of China;
text
Phytotaxa
2015
2015-03-12
202
2
149
154
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.2.7
journal article
10.11646/phytotaxa.202.2.7
1179-3163
13641564
Aspidistra guizhouensis
S.Z.He & W.F.Xu
sp. nov.
(
Figs. 1
,
2
)
Type
:—
CHINA
.
Guizhou Province
,
Guiyang City
, cultivated,
27 November 2005
,
S
.
Z
. He &
W
.
F
. Xu 051127
(
holotype
,
GZTM
!;
isotype
,
MO
!)
.
Herbs perennial, rhizome creeping, subterete,
7–9 mm
thick, covered with scales. Leaf sheath 2–3,
4–15 cm
, enclosing the base of leaves, fibrous when withered. Leaves solitary,
1.5–2.5 cm
apart, leaf blade narrowly oblanceolate, 25–45 ×
4–5 cm
, apex acuminate, base gradually narrowed, distal margin denticulate, leaf blade slightly spotted with yellowwhite; petiole rigid,
15–25 cm
, adaxially grooved. Peduncle
1.5–5.5 cm
, bracts 2–3, broadly ovate, purple-red, 5–6 ×
5–6 mm
. Flower solitary, erect; Perigone urceolate, fleshly, upper half purple-red, lower half milk-white, 1.2–1.4 ×
0.9–1.1 cm
, 6-lobed, lobes purple-red,
2.5 mm
in length, base ca.
2.5 mm
wide, adaxially with 4 longitudinal keels, papillose on the inner base; tube
0.95–1.15 cm
in length,
0.9–1.1 cm
in diam., upper part of tube inside with papillose keels; Stamens 6, inserted at middle of perigone tube, anthers oblong, ca. 1.8 ×
1 mm
, subsessile; Pistil ca.
4.5 mm
in length, style slender, cylindrical; stigma slightly peltate, conical in lateral view, ca.
2–2.5 mm
in diam, upper surface slightly prominence at the centre and with 3 radial, bifurcate ribs, 3-lobed at margin, lobes emarginate at apex. Pollen grains oval, pollen size is 25.13–30 × 19.73–25.63 μm, the surface weakly verruculose, with wartlets of irregular sizes and shapes. Flowering in October–November.
Distribution and habitat
:—The species is found in Guanling County, Anshun Prefecture,
Guizhou province
,
China
. It grows under shrubs, at an elevation of ca.
1100 m
in wild. It has already been grown in cultivation.
Taxonomic relationships
:
—
The species belongs to ser.
Fimbriatae
Li (2000: 215). The new species is similar to
A. retusa
Liang (2000: 243)
and
A. sichuanensis
Liang (2000: 246)
, The major differences lie in the shape of the leaf blade, the number of bracts, the perigone tube shape, the position of the stamens, the stigma diameter and the flowering phase.
TABLE 1.
The parameters measured on chromosomes of
A. guizhouensis
FIGURE 1
.
Aspidistra guizhouensis
(drawn by Xiang-Li Wu from the holotype,). (A) habit; (B) flower; (C) longitudinal section of flower; (D) stigma apical view.
FIGURE 2
.
Aspidistra guizhouensis
(A) cultivated; (B) plant habit; (C) flowers in natural position; (D) longitudinal profile of a flower (showing pistil); (E) longitudinal profile of a flower (showing stamens); (F) stigma apical view; (G) stigma dorsal view; (H) flowers; (I) photomicrograph of somatic chromosomes; (J) karyogram; (K–L) pollen; (M) pollen surface ornamentation.
Karyotype analysis
:
—
The majority of
Aspidistra
species
have a chromosome number 2n = 36 or 2n = 38.
Aspidistra
is essentially a dibasic genus with x = 18 and x = 19.
Wang (2001)
considers it reasonable to assume that the x = 19 of
Aspidistra
species
may have been derived from that of an ancestral basic chromosome number p = 18 (see
Peruzzi 2013
for the definition of p). The chromosome number of
A. guizhouensis
is 2n = 38, with the karyotype formula 2n = 38 =
18m
+ 8sm + 12st. It has eight pairs of long and medium chromosomes and eleven pairs of short chromosomes. The ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosomes is 6.71 and the karyotype symmetry is 2C. The parameters of chromosomes and the photomicrographs of somatic metaphase chromosomes and karyogram of
A. guizhouensis
are summarized in
Table 1
and
Fig. 2
(I–J) respectively.
A. guizhouensis
is similar morphologically to
A. retusa
and
A. sichuanensis
, but there are differences in the chromosome number and karyotype. The karyotype formula of
A. retusa
is 2n = 36 =
16m
+ 6sm + 14st (2sat) (Huang 1997), 2n = 36 =
18m
+ 4sm (2sat) + 14st (
Wang 1999
), the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosomes is 5.31, 7.19; The karyotype formula of
A. sichuanensis
is 2n = 38 =
22m
(2sat) + 4sm + 12st (
Liu 2012
), the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosomes is 5.77.