Descriptions of two new species of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from the Philippines with distinct orange medial stripes on the scutum Author Korneyev, Severyn V. 0000-0001-8599-7695 California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448, USA. & I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine. Author Leblanc, Luc 0000-0002-6060-1364 University of Idaho, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 2329, Moscow, Idaho, 83844 - 2329, USA. Author Hauser, Martin 0000-0002-6368-3529 California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448, USA. Author General, David E. M. 0000-0001-7735-0023 National Museum of Natural History, National Museum of the Philippines, Malate, Manila, Philippines. Author Gaimari, Stephen D. 0000-0002-4240-7154 California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California, 95832 - 1448, USA. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-04-03 5432 4 573 599 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.4.7 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.4.7 1175-5326 10910781 918057CA-4B08-481B-993A-4A5BA85A6973 Key to Bactrocera Macquart with orange medial stripes on the scutum 1. Scutum without reddish longitudinal stripes, OR if present, abdomen without T-shaped dark mark. Wing pattern variable.................................................................................. other species of Bactrocera 1’. Scutum with one or two submedial orange longitudinal stripes crossing suture AND abdomen with a dark T-shaped mark. Wing with well-developed costal band and without crossbands or marks on crossveins r-m and dm-m........................ 2 FIGURE 1. (a) B. distincta (Malloch, 1931) —wing; (b) B. usitata Drew & Hancock, 1994 —scutum, dorsal view; (c) B. amplexa (Munro, 1984) —abdomen, dorsal view; (d-f) B. ellenriederae sp. n. —wing; (e) scutum, dorsal view; (f) abdomen, dorsal view. FIGURE 2. Scutum, dorsal view: (a) B. ( G ) continua ( Bezzi, 1919 ) ; (b) B. lateritaenia Drew & Hancock, 1994 . 2. Postpronotal lobe connected to lateral postsutural vitta with white area........................................... 3 2’. Postpronotal lobe not connected to lateral postsutural vitta..................................................... 4 3. Lateral margins of abdominal tergite IV yellow. Middle and hind femora entirely yellow.Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Philippines .................................................... Bactrocera ( Gymnodacus ) continua ( Bezzi, 1919 ) 3’. Lateral margins of abdominal tergite IV black. Middle and hind femora dark apically. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Indonesia . (Illustration available in Drew & Romig, 2013 ).............................. B . ( Ba .) pusilla (Hardy, 1983) FIGURE 3. (a–d) B. ( G ) continua ( Bezzi, 1919 ) —(a) scutum and abdomen, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) head, frontal view; (d) wing; (e) B. youngi sp. n abdomen, dorsal view. FIGURE 4. (a–e) B. ( Bulladacus ) mcgregori ( Bezzi, 1919 ) —(a) scutum, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) head, frontal view; (d) habitus, lateral view; (e) wing; (f) B. abscondita (Drew & Hancock, 1981) —head, frontal view; (g) B. ellenriederae sp. n. —wing. 4. Face without dark spots. Male wing with bulla present on cell cup extension. Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Philippines ..................................... B . ( Bulladacus ) mcgregori ( Bezzi, 1919 ) (or other Bulladacus spp.). 4’. Face with two dark spots. Male wing without bulla........................................................... 5 5. Wing infuscation in cell r 4+5 overlapping vein R 4+5 at or nearly at level of R 2+3 vein apex.............................. 6 5’. Wing infuscation in cell r 4+5 overlapping vein R 4+5 significantly distal to level of R 2+3 vein apex....................... 10 FIGURE 5. Wings: (a) B. yayeyamana (Matsumura, 1916) ; (b) B. tapahensis Drew & Romig, 2013 ; (c) B. ellenriederae sp. n. ; (d) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) . FIGURE 6. Scutellum: (a) Zeugodacus tau (Walker, 1849) ; (b) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) . 6. Scutellum with two pairs of setae......................................................................... 7 6’. Scutellum with one pair of setae......................................................................... 8 7. Thorax with distinct black stripes along entire length of reddish mesonotum. Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Philippines , Taiwan .............................. B. ( Paratridacus ) yayeyamana (Matsumura, 1916) 7’. Thorax dark black with short red stripes.Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Bangladesh , China ( Yunnan ), India (Andaman Islands), Indonesia ( Java ), Malaysia (mainland), Singapore , Thailand .... B. ( Paratridacus ) melanius ( Hardy & Adachi, 1954 ) FIGURE 7. (a–e) B. yayeyamana (Matsumura, 1916) —(a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f-j) B. melanius ( Hardy & Adachi, 1954 ) (photo previously used in Leblanc et al. 2021) (f) scutum & head, dorsal view; (g) abdomen dorsal view; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, frontal view; (j) wing. FIGURE 8. (a–e) B. tapahensis Drew & Romig, 2013 (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f) B. dispar (Hardy, 1982) —thorax, head & fore legs, lateral view. 8. Fore femur with subapical lateral dark spot. (See also Drew & Romig, 2013 illustration). Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Malaysia (mainland)........................................ B . ( Ba .) tapahensis Drew & Romig, 2013 8’. Fore femur entirely yellow, without a dark spot.............................................................. 9 9. Abdominal tergites IV–V with dark lateral markings. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Indonesia ( Kalimantan ), Malaysia (mainland, Sabah ), southern Thailand ............................. B ( Ba. ) unimacula Drew & Hancock, 1994 9’. Abdominal tergites IV–V without dark lateral markings. Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Indonesia ( Sulawesi )................................................................................... B. ( Ba. ) dispar (Hardy, 1982) FIGURE 9. (a–e) B. unimacula Drew & Hancock, 1994 (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f–j) B. dispar (Hardy, 1982) —(f) scutum & head, dorsal view; (g) abdomen, dorsal view; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, frontal view; (j) wing. FIGURE 10. Thorax, head & fore legs, lateral view: (a) B. arecae ( Hardy & Adachi, 1954 ) ; (b) B. bhutaniae Drew & Romig, 2013 . 10. Fore femur with distinct dark spot........................................................................ 11 10’. Fore femur usually entirely yellow, or with faintly darkened area, but without distinct dark spot....................... 16 FIGURE 11. (a–d) B. adamantea Leblanc & Doorenweerd, 2018 (photo previously used in Leblanc et al. 2018) (a) habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) head, frontal view; (d)—wing; (e) B. youngi sp. n. —scutum, dorsal view. 11. Scutum with yellow apical diamond-shaped medial spot. Attractant: zingerone. Distribution: Vietnam ............................................................................... B. ( Ba. ) adamantea Leblanc & Doorenweerd, 2018 11’. Yellow diamond-shaped medial spot on the scutum absent.................................................... 12 FIGURE 12. Scutum, dorsal view: (a) B. rubigina (Wang & Zhao, 1989) ; (b) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) . 12. Lateral postsutural vitta wedge shaped and ending at or just before intra alar seta.................................. 13 12’. Lateral postsutural vitta parallel sided and overlaps intra alar seta............................................... 14 13. Postpronotal lobe entirely yellow. Mid femur entirely yellow. T-shaped pattern on abdomen well developed. Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Cambodia , Thailand , Vietnam ...................... B. ( Ba. ) osbeckiae Drew & Hancock, 1994 13’. Postpronotal lobe partially darkened along inner margins. Mid femur with dark spot on ventral side. T-shaped pattern on abdomen very narrow and sometimes absent. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Sri Lanka .............................................................................................. B . ( Ba .) selenophora Tsuruta & White, 2001 FIGURE 13. (a–e) B. osbeckiae Drew & Hancock, 1994 (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f-j) B. selenophora Tsuruta & White, 2001 —(f) scutum & head, dorsal view; (g) abdomen, dorsal view; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, frontal view; (j) wing. FIGURE 14. (a–e) B. carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) wing; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) abdomen, dorsal view; (f) B. arecae ( Hardy & Adachi, 1954 ) —abdomen, dorsal view. 14. Ceromata (spots on tergite V) dark yellow or light brown. Dark pattern on abdominal tergite IV with rectangular projection. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Bangladesh , Brunei , Cambodia , India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands ), Indonesia ( Java , West Nusa Tenggara ), Malaysia (mainland, Sabah ), Singapore , southern Thailand , Vietnam , introduced to northern Brazil ( Amapá ), French Guiana, Guyana , Surinam . Highly invasive pest............ B. ( Ba. ) carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 14’. Ceromata (spots on tergite V) dark brown. Dark pattern on abdomen tergite IV without rectangular projection. Attractant: cue-lure or unknown lure.................................................................................. 15 15. Lateral markings on abdominal tergites IV–V diffused and reaching middle of tergite IV and present on tergite V. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Cambodia .............................................. B. ( Ba. ) kohkongiae Leblanc, 2015 15’. Lateral markings on abdominal tergites IV–V also diffused but present only on margins of tergite IV, absent on tergite V. Attractant: no known lure. Distribution: Christmas I., Malaysia (mainland), Singapore , southern Thailand ..................................................................................... B . ( Ba .) arecae ( Hardy & Adachi, 1954 ) FIGURE 15. (a–d) B. kohkongiae Leblanc, 2015 (photo previously used in Leblanc et al. 2015 a) (a) habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) head, frontal view; (d)—wing; (e–i) B. arecae ( Hardy & Adachi, 1954 ) (e) scutum & head, dorsal view; (f) wing; (g) habitus, lateral view; (h) head, frontal view; (i) abdomen, dorsal view. FIGURE 16. Wings: (a) B. occipitalis ( Bezzi, 1919 ) ; (b) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) . 16. Wing with costal band overlapping vein R 2+3 significantly, and as continuous line starting near the point at the end of vein R 1................................................................................................... 17 16’. Wing with costal band confluent with vein R 2+3 not overlapping beyond point at the end of vein R 1 or occasionally faintly overlap............................................................................................. 25 FIGURE 17. (a) Scutum, dorsal view: (a) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) ; (b) B. youngi sp. n. 17. Lateral post-sutural vitta parallel sided and reaching intra-alar seta.............................................. 18 17’. Lateral post-sutural vitta wedge shaped and ending or fading out before intra-alar seta.............................. 23 FIGURE 18. Abdomen, dorsal view: (a) B. perkinsi (Drew & Hancock, 1981) ; (b) B. carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 ; (c) B. occipitalis ( Bezzi, 1919 ) . 18. T-shaped pattern on abdomen (medial longitudinal black band over tergites) very narrow. Lateral margins of tergites IV–V without significant dark markings........................................................................ 19 18’. T-shaped pattern on abdomen (medial longitudinal black band over tergites) broad. Lateral margins of tergites IV–V with significant dark markings.............................................................................. 20 19. Ceromata (spots on tergite V) dark to black, strongly contrasting with the lighter integument. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Australia ( Queensland , Torres Strait Islands)............................... B. ( Ba. ) perkinsi (Drew & Hancock, 1981) 19’. Ceromata (spots on tergite V) pale, like the rest of the integument. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Indonesia ( West Papua ), Papua New Guinea , Australia ( Queensland , Torres Strait Is.), Solomon Islands . Pest species.................................................................................................. B. ( Ba. ) musae (Tryon, 1927) FIGURE 19. (a–e) B. perkinsi (Drew & Hancock, 1981) —(a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f–i) B. musae (Tryon, 1927) (f) habitus, dorsal view; (g) habitus, lateral view; (h) head, frontal view; (i)—wing. FIGURE 20. Head, fronto-lateral view: (a) B. carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 ; (b) B. occipitalis ( Bezzi, 1919 ) ; (c) B. youngi sp. n. 20. Face with a pair of oval to circular black spots (length of facial spots 0.25–0.35 mm ; width 0.2–0.25 mm ).............. 21 20’. Face with a pair of elongate oval black spots (length of facial spots 0.26–0.3 mm ; width 0.1–0.12 mm )................. 22 21. Dark area on scutum in between red stripes without white hairlike microtrichia (for better visibility use dome light). Dark marginal pattern on abdominal tergites III–V usually significantly darkened. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Brunei , Indonesia ( Kalimantan ), Malaysia ( Sabah , Sarawak ), Philippines . Pest species............ B . ( Ba .) occipitalis ( Bezzi, 1919 ) 21’. Dark area on scutum in between red stripes with white hairlike microtrichia. Dark pattern on abdomen tergite IV with rectangular projection. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Bangladesh , Brunei , Cambodia , India , Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore , southern Thailand , Vietnam ; introduced to northern Brazil ( Amapá ), French Guiana, Guyana , Surinam . Highly invasive pest................................................................. B . ( Ba .) carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 FIGURE 21. (a–e) B. occipitalis ( Bezzi, 1919 ) (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) face, fronto-lateral view; (d) abdomen, dorsal view; (e) scutum under high magnification, dorsal view; (f–k) B. carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 —(f) scutum & head, dorsal view; (g) wing; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, fronto-lateral view; (j) abdomen dorsal view; (k) scutum under high magnification, dorsal view. FIGURE 22. (a–e) B. mediorufula Drew & Romig, 2013 (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f–j) B. lateritaenia Drew & Hancock, 1994 —(f) scutum & head, dorsal view; (g) abdomen dorsal view; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, frontal view; (j) wing. 22. Lateral postsutural vitta moderately broad, parallel-sided, ending at intra-alar seta. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Indonesia ( Kalimantan ), Malaysia (mainland, Sarawak ), Philippines , Thailand .... B. ( Ba. ) mediorufula Drew & Romig, 2013 22’. Lateral postsutural yellow vitta narrow, tapered, sharply narrowing to end at intra-alar seta. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Brunei , Indonesia ( Sumatra ), Malaysia (mainland, Sabah ), Vietnam ........... B. ( Ba. ) lateritaenia Drew & Hancock, 1994 23. Wing pattern in cell r 4+5 covers apical area of wing margin. Facial black spots oval to circular (length of facial spots 0.25 mm ; width 0.18 mm ). Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Bangladesh , Bhutan , China ( Guangxi , Guongdong, Hainan ), India ( Tripura ), Taiwan , Thailand , Vietnam ...................................... B . ( Ba .) rubigina (Wang & Zhao, 1989) 23’. Wing pattern in cell r 4+5 covers most of the wing margin. Face with a pair of elongate oval black spots (length of facial spots 0.26–0.3 mm ; width 0.1–0.12 mm )...................................................................... 24 FIGURE 23. (a–e) B. rubigina (Wang & Zhao, 1989) (photo previously used in Leblanc et al. 2021)—(a) scutum, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f) B. youngi sp. n. —head, frontal view; (g) B. ellenriederae sp. n. —wing. FIGURE 24. (a–f) B. youngi sp. n. paratype—(a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) head, fronto-lateral view; (d) abdomen dorsal view; (e) male epandrium, lateral view; (f) wing; (g–l) B. ellenriederae sp. n. paratype—(g) scutum & head, dorsal view; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, fronto-lateral view; (j) abdomen dorsal view; (k) male epandrium, lateral view; (l) wing. 24. Subscutellum entirely black. Lateral margins of abdominal tergites III–V with broad black markings and T-shaped pattern shining black with broad medial stripe. Scutum mostly black with two distinct longitudinal red stripes. Surstyli 0.2 mm long. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)........................................ B. ( Ba. ) youngi sp. n. 24’. Red pattern present on subscutellum. Lateral margins of abdominal tergites III–V with narrow dark brown markings and Tshaped pattern dark brown with narrower medial stripe. Scutum black always with reddish-brown areas in addition to two distinct longitudinal red stripes. Surstyli 0.4 mm long. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)............................................................................................ B. ( Ba. ) ellenriederae sp. n. 25. Hind femur yellow with apical portion black. Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Sri Lanka .............................................................................................. B. ( Ba. ) ceylanica Tsuruta and White, 2001 25’. Hind femur entirely yellow............................................................................. 26 FIGURE 25. (a–d) B. ceylanica Tsuruta and White, 2001 (a) habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c) head, frontal view; (d)—wing; (e) B. cacuminata Hering, 1941 legs & abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 26. Scutum, dorsal view: (a) B. rubigina (Wang & Zhao, 1989) ; (b) B. bhutaniae Drew & Romig, 2013 . 26. Lateral postsutural vitta wedge shaped, shorter and tapered posteriorly, ending before or barely reaching intra-alar seta.... 27 26’. Lateral postsutural vitta parallel sided, longer, reaching and overlapping intra-alar seta.............................. 28 27. Facial black spots small to medium sized (height of facial spots 0.15 mm ; width 0.18 mm ). Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Australia ( Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria , Lord Howe I.)........... B ( Ba. ) cacuminata Hering, 1941 27’. Facial black spots larger-sized (height of facial spots 0.25 mm ; width 0.18 mm ). Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Bangladesh , Bhutan , China ( Guangxi , Guongdong, Hainan ), India ( Tripura ), Taiwan , Thailand , Vietnam ............................................................................................... B. ( Ba. ) rubigina (Wang & Zhao, 1989) FIGURE 27. (a–e) B. cacuminata Hering, 1941 —(a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, frontal view; (e) wing; (f–j) B. rubigina (Wang & Zhao, 1989) (photo previously used in Leblanc et al. 2021) (f) scutum & head, dorsal view; (g) abdomen, dorsal view; (h) habitus, lateral view; (i) head, frontal view; (j) wing. FIGURE 28. (a–e) B. bhutaniae Drew & Romig, 2013 (a) wing; (b) scutum & head, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, fronto-lateral view; (e) abdomen, dorsal view; (f) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) abdomen, dorsal view. 28. Ceromata (spots on tergite V) large and reaching medial abdominal stripe.Attractant: cue-lure. Distribution: Bhutan , Cambodia , India (Andaman Islands), Thailand , Vietnam ................................. B. ( Ba. ) bhutaniae Drew & Romig, 2013 28’. Ceromata (spots on tergite V) smaller and not reaching medial abdominal stripe................................... 29 FIGURE 29. (a–f) B. commensurata Drew & Romig, 2013 —(a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, fronto-lateral view; (e) wing; (f) abdomen, ventral view; (g) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) abdomen, ventral view. 29. Abdominal sternum V always pale orange. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Philippines , Indonesia ( Sulawesi ) ( Doorenweerd et al. 2023 )............................................ B . ( Ba .) commensurata Drew & Romig, 2013 29’. Abdominal sternum V from dark orange-brown to brown-black................................................ 30 FIGURE 30. (a–h) B. bivittata Lin & Wang, 2005 (a) scutum & head, dorsal view; (b) abdomen, dorsal view; (c) habitus, lateral view; (d) head, fronto-lateral view; (e) scutum under high magnification, dorsal view; (g) wing; (h) abdomen under high magnification, dorsal view; (i–o) B. dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) —(i) scutum & head, dorsal view; (j) wing; (k) habitus, lateral view; (l) head, fronto-lateral view; (m) abdomen, dorsal view; (n) scutum under high magnification, dorsal view; (o) abdomen under high magnification, dorsal view. 30. Dark area on scutum in between of red stripes without white hairlike microtrichia (for better visibility use dome light). Dark marginal pattern on abdominal tergite III always with lateral incision. Attractant: methyl eugenol. Distribution: Cambodia , China ( Hainan ), Thailand (new record).......................................... B. ( Ba. ) bivittata Lin & Wang, 2005 30’. Dark area on scutum in between of red stripes covered with white microtrichia. Dark marginal pattern on abdominal tergite III not always with lateral incision. [variants with extensive red markings previously known as B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, 2005 ] Attractant: methyl eugenol. Highly invasive pest. Distribution: Widespread in Africa and South-East Asia, introduced to parts of Oceania. B. dorsalis in SE Asia are usually without stripes.......... B. ( Ba. ) dorsalis (Hendel, 1912)