Knoelle, a new monotypic wolf spider genus from Australia (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Author
Framenau, Volker W.
text
Zootaxa
2006
1281
55
67
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.173409
35be9144-74a5-4a2d-be11-42c5f112283e
11755326
173409
Knoelle
gen. nov.
Type
species
:
Lycosa clara
L. Koch, 1877
. Here designated.
Etymology.
The generic name honours my mother, the late Hildegard Framenau. ‘Knölle’ was a nickname she used frequently, and may refer to the
German
word Knolle (= spud). The gender is feminine.
Diagnosis
.
Knoelle
gen. nov.
is similar to representatives of the genus
Ve na t or
Hogg,
1900 in
respect to somatic characters, in particular its body colouration with a ventral black patch on the opisthosoma. However, it differs considerably by the presence of a large patch of macrosetae at the tip of the cymbium in males which is absent in
Venator
. Males in the genus
Hoggicosa
also have a patch of macrosetae at the tip of the cymbium, however it is much smaller. In addition, the tegular apophysis is very different in
Hoggicosa
as it is of a simple, triangular
type
lacking the two hooks and the lamellar structure characteristic for
Knoelle
gen. nov.
Hoggicosa
also have a very different body colouration with a distinct sexual dimorphism that is absent in
Knoelle
gen. nov.
(
McKay 1973
,
1975
).
Description
. Medium sized
Lycosidae
(TL ca. 10.0 – 25.0 mm). Males smaller than females. Prosoma longer than wide (
Fig. 1
), dorsal profile straight in lateral view (
Fig. 4
). Head flanks comparatively steep in males (
Fig. 5
). Dorsal shield of prosoma brown to dark brown, with distinct light brown median and submarginal bands; submarginal and brown marginal bands irregular; white setae in median and submarginal bands. Anterior median eyes ca. twice as large as anterior lateral eyes, row of anterior eyes narrower than row of posterior median eyes; row of anterior eyes slightly procurved (
Fig. 5
). Chelicerae with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Labium shorter than or as long as wide. Opisthosoma mottled olivegrey, centrally lighter and with dark, irregular heart mark (
Fig. 1
). Venter with a large black patch covering about three quarters of venter from epigastric furrow. Leg formula VI>I>II>III. Spination of legs: Femur: 3 dorsal, 2 apicoprolateral, 2 retrolateral; patella: 1 prolateral (male only), 1 retrolateral; tibia: 2 dorsal (male only), 3 ventral pairs, 2 prolateral (male only), 2 retrolateral; metatarsus: 3 ventral pairs, 2 prolateral (male only), 2 retrolateral (male only), 1 apicoprolateral (male only), 1 apicoretrolateral (male only), 1 apicoventral.
Cymbium tip with large patch of macrosetae (
Figs 2
,
6–7
). Tegulum undivided, large retrolateral tegular lobe; tegular apophysis with two distinct, basally directed hooks. Embolus originating prolaterally on palea and curving ventrally around it, long and slender. Terminal apophysis and pars pendula sickleshaped (
Fig. 8
). Epigyne with inverted Tshaped median septum, that widens anteriorly (
Figs 3
,
9
).
Distribution.
As for species (
Fig. 11
).
Remarks.
Knoelle clara
comb. nov.
is a typical representative of the subfamily Lycosinae as the tegular apophysis is ‘transverse, with a ventrally directed spur’ and it has a ‘sinuous channel on the dorsal surface’ (
Dondale 1986
). A recent molecular phylogeny inferred from 12S rRNA and NADH1 that included seventy worldwide
Lycosidae
species placed
K. clara
comb. nov.
as sister taxon to
Allocosa hasseltii
(parsimony analysis) or in a polytomy with most other Australian Lycosinae (Bayesian analysis) (
Murphy
et al.
2006
). Morphological evidence places
Knoelle
gen. nov.
close to
Ve n at o r
or
Hoggicosa
(see generic diagnosis), but a detailed phylogenetic analysis of the Australian Lycosinae is required to ascertain the systematic position of the new genus.