Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena sofiae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A24E970-6D83-475F-BD2C-9CD4C599C653 Figs 36 , 38A–B , 52 Differential diagnosis Females of A . sofiae sp. nov. are differentiated from those of all species of the pectorosa and pacifica groups by the following features: copulatory ducts extending beyond the hood, atrium oval, hood faint, thin and straight ( Figs 36E–F , 38A–B ). Etymology The species epithet is dedicated to Sofia Rivera, niece of the first author. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Atotonilco , Plot II; 19.29483° N , 97.2045° W ; alt. 2388 m ; 15–24 Feb. 2013 ; Arcanolab team leg.; oak and pine forest fragment; BEAT ; AR_060; GenBank: ON619648 ; CNAN-T01538 . Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♀ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Atotonilco , Plot I; 19.12569° N , 97.06756° W ; alt. 2300 m ; 21–30 May 2012 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak forest fragment; LUP ; AR_057; GenBank: ON619646 ; CNAN-T01572 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; AR_059; GenBank: ON619647 ; CNAN-T01573 . Fig. 36. Anyphaena sofiae sp. nov. , paratypes, ♀♀ (CNAN-T01572, CNAN-T01573). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Epigynum, ventral view. F . Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C=1.0 mm; D =0.5 mm; E–F =0.2 mm. Additional material MEXICO • 1 ♀ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Atotonilco , Plot I; 19.12569° N , 97.06756° W ; alt. 2300 m ; 15–24 Feb. 2013 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak forest fragment; BEAT • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; 21–30 May 2012 ; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM025 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; Atotonilco . Plot II; 19.29483° N , 97.2045° W ; alt. 2388 m ; 15–24 Feb. 2013 ; oak and pine forest fragment; BEAT • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; CRP • 3 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM029 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; 21–30 May 2012 ; BEAT ; ANYM026 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM027 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM028 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM030 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; 4–14 Oct. 2012 ; LUP . Description Female Total length 7.8. Carapace yellow, pattern with darker bands delineating cephalic area, around fovea and clypeus ( Fig. 36A, D ). Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium brown, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites yellow, rectangular, broader at tip ( Fig. 36C ). Chelicerae brown, without dorsal pattern ( Fig. 36B, D ), promargin with four teeth, retromargin with eight to nine denticles. Abdomen dorsal surface white, covered with darker patches and some diffuse chevrons at center, lateral and ventral surfaces white, pattern diffusing ventrally, tracheal spiracle slightly closer to epigastric furrow ( Fig. 36A–C ). Anterior area of epigynal plate delineated laterally by two faint pits near copulatory ducts bent. Genital openings at both sides of hood. Copulatory duct paths bent posteriorly beyond hood and entering spermathecae antero-laterally. Seminal receptacles closer to spermathecae at one third of copulatory ducts’ length. Fertilization ducts short, straight, and entering spermathecae via postero-lateral surface ( Figs 36E–F , 38A–B ). Cephalothorax length 2.93, thoracic width 2.29, cephalic width 1.23. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.17, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.13. Femur lengths: I 3.13, II 2.9, III 2.26, IV 3.0. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-1-2, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2 Male Unknown. Variation Females (N =10): total length 8.03 (± 0.62), cephalothorax length 3.41 (± 0.3), thoracic width 2.48 (± 0.19), cephalic width 1.27 (± 0.08), femur I 3.46 (± 0.27). Distribution Only known from the type locality ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Most specimens collected by beating and direct searching over vegetation.