Three new species of Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Neotropical region Author Pinho, Luiz Carlos Author Fusari, Lívia Maria Author Lamas, Carlos José Einicker text Zootaxa 2015 3947 4 563 572 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.4.7 f43daf4e-5b24-41af-84ba-5029319cf500 1175-5326 238385 109E9D8D-1676-46C7-8E10-F6BD6BAA4E79 Polypedilum ( Tripodura ) kadiweu sp. n. ( Figures 3–4 ) Type material. Holotype : male with pupal and larval exuviae, BRAZIL : Mato Grosso do Sul State, Corumbá, Rio Miranda, in Eichhornia sp., drift net, 05.iv.2012 , leg .: Wiedenbrug, S., SISBIOTA Program ( MZUSP ). Paratype : 4 males , BRAZIL : Pará State, Fordlândia, 02.xi.1970 , light, leg. : Expedição Permanente da Amazônia ( MZUSP , ZMBN , INPA ). Etymology. The name refers to the native ethnic group Kadiwéu , who lives close to Corumbá, type locality of the species. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition. Diagnostic characters. The new species can be separated from other Neotropical Polypedilum species by combination of the following characters in each life stage: Male adult : Narrow anal point, wing with light and numerous maculae (three markings in cell r4+5, two in m1+2, one in m3+4 and three in cu) and rounded superior volsella with one outer and 3–4 inner setae. Pupa : Absence of shagreen on tergite II and thoracic with few (about 6) branches. Larva : median ends of ventromental plates produced anteriorly and first lateral teeth of mentum much lower than median and second lateral teeth. Description. Male (n = 4–5, except when otherwise stated). Total length 2.26–2.99 mm . Wing length 1.29– 1.39 mm . Total length/wing length 1.74–2.15. Wing length/length of profemur 2.35–2.55. Coloration. Head light brown. Thorax light brown, with slightly darker postnotum; wing with light brown macula, three marking in cell r4+5, two in m1+2, one in m3+4 and three in cu. Legs yellowish. Abdominal segments very light brown. Head . Eyes bare, frontal tubercles absent. AR 1.62–1.84; ultimate flagellomere 581–660 Μm long. Temporal setae 9–10. Clypeus with 15–24 setae. Tentorium 100–125 Μm long, 22–37 Μm wide. Palpomere lengths (in Μm): 20–30; 22–37; 75–92; 90–105; 162 (1). Third palpal segment with 3–4 sensilla clavata, longest 7–12 Μm. Wing ( Figure 3 A). Anal lobe moderately developed. VR 1.25–1.29. Brachiolum with 1 seta. R with 13–19 setae; R1 with 9–13 setae; R4+5 with 5–18 setae; Remaining veins bare. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Squama with 4–5 setae. Thorax . Scutum without tubercle. Dorsocentrals 9–18; acrostichals 8–11; prealars 1–4. Scutellum with 4–10 setae, uni or biserial. Legs . Scale of foretibia 15–25 Μm long, subtriangular and without spur. Spur of midtibia 44–64 Μm long, including 29–39 Μm long comb. Spur of hind tibia 59–69 Μm long, including 39–54 Μm long comb. Width at apex of foretibia 29–54 Μm, of midtibia 34–49 Μm, of hind tibia 39–44 Μm. Lengths (in Μm) and proportions of legs as in Table 3 . Hypopygium ( Figure 3 B–C). Tergite IX with 4–6 median setae. Anal tergite band moderate to well developed. Laterosternite with 2 setae. Anal point 47–55 Μm long, 4–5 Μm wide at midlength. Phallapodeme 75–87 Μm long, transverse sternapodeme 25–45 Μm long. Gonocoxite 112–134 Μm long. Superior volsella apically rounded, 25–35 Μm long, with 1 lateral seta and 3–4 inner setae. Inferior volsella slender 59–72 Μm long, with 1 strong apical seta projecting caudad, and 7–10 orally directed simple setae. Gonostylus 95–137 Μm long. HR 0.98–1.41; HV 2.20– 2.65. Female. Unknown. Pupa. (exuvia, n = 1). Total length 3.03 mm . Coloration. Exuviae pale with margins of wing sheath, leg sheath and thorax anteriorly light brown. Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome slightly rounded, 148 Μm long; 187 Μm wide. Frontal setae 47 Μm long. Thoracic horn with about 6 branches. FIGURE 3. Polypedilum ( Tripodura ) kadiweu sp. n. , male. A, wing. B, hypopygium, dorsal view. C, hypopygium with tergite IX and anal point removed, dorsal view left, ventral view right. FIGURE 4. Polypedilum ( Tripodura ) kadiweu sp. n. , pupa and larva. A, abdomen of pupa, dorsal view. B, larval head capsule, ventral view. C, antenna. D, mentum and ventromental plates. TABLE 3. Lengths (in Μm) and proportions of legs of Polypedilum ( Tripodura ) kadiweu sp. n. , male (n = 4–5).

Fe	Ti	ta1	ta2	ta3
P1 522–591	443–532	778 (1)	483 (1)	394 (1)
P2 561–611	493–522	362–364 (2)	186–188 (2)	128–138 (2)
P3 591–690	542–630	384–433 (2)	217–256 (2)	177–187 (2)
continued.
ta4	ta5	LR	BV	SV
P1 296 (1)	148 (1)	1.46 (1)	1.44 (1)	1.44 (1)
P2 78–80 (2)	30–49 (2)	0.70–0.71 (2)	3.36–3.51 (2)	3.07–3.09 (2)
P3 89–118 (2)	48–50 (2)	0.61–0.75 (2)	2.65–3.15 (2)	2.77–3.44 (2)

Abdomen ( Figure 4 A). Tergites I and II bare; tergites III–VI with anterior band of stronger shagreen and long median field of finer shagreen; tergites VII and VIII with fine anterior band of shagreen only. Sternites bare. Tergite II with 29 hooklets. Pedes spurii A well developed on segment IV. Pedes spurii B well developed on segment II. Anal comb with strong apical tooth and 3–4 lateral teeth. Genital sac overreaching anal lobe by 50 Μm. Abdominal setation. Segment I without L setae; segments II–IV each with 2 non–taeniate L setae; segments V and VI each with 3 taeniate L setae; segments VII and VIII each with 4 taeniate L setae. Fringe of anal lobe with 24 taeniae. Larva. (exuvia, n = 1). Total length not measurable. Head capsule 250 Μm long. Postmentum 157 Μm long. Coloration. Head capsule yellowish brown with postoccipital margin, teeth of mentum and mandible black. Head. Head capsule slightly rounded ( Fig. 4 B). Antenna as in Figure 4 B. Length of antennal segments (in Μm): 42, 15, 5, 10, 3. Blade 37 Μm long. AR 1.48. Lauterborn organs 3 Μm long. Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 platelets, median with 5 teeth; lateral each with 6 teeth. Mandible 112 Μm long with apical tooth and 3 inner teeth. Seta subdentalis well developed, reaching apical tooth; seta interna with about 20 branches. Mola with spines. Mentum ( Fig. 4 C) 92 Μm wide, with 8 pairs of mental teeth; first lateral teeth much lower than median and second lateral teeth, which are equal. Ventromental plate 85 Μm wide, with anteriorly produced median ends and without posterior projection, distance between plates 40 Μm. Abdomen. Lost. Remarks. Larval ventromental plates with anteriorly produced median ends have been found only in P. ( Uresipedilum ) ( Saether & Sundal, 1999 ; Saether et al. , 2010 ) and this character should be emended to diagnosis of P. ( Tripodura ) larvae. The new species keys to couplet 30 in Bidawid-Kafka (1996) , which leads to P. ( Tripodura ) kajapo and P. ( Tripodura ) yanomami , but differs from P. kajapo by having wings with maculae and from P. yanomami by its high antennal ratio ( 1.48 in P. kadi weu sp. n. and 0.31–0.36 in P. yanomami ) and pattern of maculae on wings (three markings in cell r4+5, two in m1+2, one in m3+4 and three in cu for P. kadiweu sp. n. and two markings in cell r4+5, one in m1+2, one in m3+4 and two in cu for P. yanomami ). By abdominal tergite II without shagreen, the pupa of P. k ad i w e u sp. n. does not correspond to any of the ten Polypedilum morphotypes described by Wiedenbrug (2000) . Distribution. The species is known from Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará States, Brazil .