Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi) Author Miranda, Gustavo Silva de 81150D94-592A-4CE5-8E88-E60F557A4341 Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. smiranda.gustavo@gmail.com Author Giupponi, Alessandro P. L. 434112AC-B212-43E8-A5D9-2F5D5619AFC4 Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. agiupponi@gmail.com Author Prendini, Lorenzo C2D080D0-75DB-4DA1-A101-AB4DCF50FF0A Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. lorenzo@amnh.org Author Scharff, Nikolaj F84D2235-66D2-460C-820D-80024068759D Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. & Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. nscharff@snm.ku.dk text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-09-24 772 1 409 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505 journal article 4042 10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505 b65bb5a9-bbe7-49a4-af44-4b4c03121288 2118-9773 5536410 9B82A32F-0A07-47E3-8684-FED7C8EBF1E9 Charinus acosta ( Quintero, 1983 ) Fig. 12 ; Table 1 Charinides acosta Quintero, 1983: 32–34 , figs 1a, c, 8g , 9a–f, 12c. Charinus acosta – Delle Cave 1986: 162 , fig. II. — Ávila Calvo & Armas 1997: 31 . — Armas & Teruel 1997: 46 . — Armas 2000b: 133–134 ; 2004: 38 ; 2005: 271 , 273; 2006a: 169–170 ; 2006b: 225–226 , figs 4a–c, 5a–d, 6, 20; 2013b: 91, 94. — Armas & Ávila Calvo 2000: 291–292 . — Weygoldt 2000a: 74 . — Baptista & Giupponi 2002: 106 . — Harvey 2003: 4 . — Pérez & Teruel 2004: 170 , fig. 12. — Teruel et al. 2009: 201–202 , fig. 1. — Teruel 2011: 345 , figs 1–3. — Seiter & Hörweg 2013: 51 . — Seiter & Wolff 2014: 233 . — Wolff et al. 2015: 3 , figs 2a–b; 2016: 2–4, figs 4–5; 2017: 2–3, 7, fig. 1. — Teruel & Questel 2015: 46–47 . — Torres-Contreras et al. 2015: 127 . — Miranda et al. 2016b: 555 , 557. — Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera 2016: 135–136 , fig. 3a–b. Diagnosis This species may be separated from other Caribbean and Central American Charinus by means of the following combination of characters: carapace frontal process with rounded apex; black median ocular tubercle reduced, sunken in carapace, with well-developed median eyes; lateral eyes well developed, black; bifid tooth of cheliceral basal segment with dorsal cusp shorter than ventral cusp; tritosternum projected anteriorly with meso- and metasternum undivided; prolateral surface of cheliceral basal segment with row of six fine setae; cheliceral claw with five teeth; pedipalp femur with three dorsal spines and three ventral spines; pedipalp femur with pair of setiferous tubercles preceding first dorsal and ventral spines; pedipalp patella with three dorsal spines and two ventral spines; pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines, proximal spine less than half length of distal spine; tibia of leg I with 23 articles, tarsus I with 41 articles; first tarsal article 1.4 times as long as second article; leg IV basitibia trichobothrium bc situated equidistant between bf and sbf ; sc and sf series each with five trichobothria; female gonopod rounded, flat and cushion-like, without claw-like projection ( Quintero 1983 : fig. 8g ). The male is unknown. Etymology Patronym honoring the Cuban micropaleontologist Dr J. T. Acosta ( Quintero 1983 ) . Type material Holotype CUBA • ♀ ; Camagüey Province , Camagüey ; 21°23′33.26″ N , 77°54′19.05″ W ; 1954; J . T. Acosta leg.; MCZ [not examined]. Measurements See Table 1 . Distribution Widespread in Cuba , recorded at several locations on the island ( Teruel & Rodríguez-Cabrera 2016 ), even in the same habitat as other Charinus , e.g., C. wanlessi , although not at the same time of year ( Teruel 2011 ). Natural history Epigean, found in forests, but well adapted to disturbed habitats, e.g., Santiago de Cuba , south of the Sierra Maestra range ( Teruel et al. 2009 ). The widespread distribution of this species may be attributed to its parthenogenetic biology ( Armas 2000b , 2005 , 2006b ). Remarks The internal and external morphology of the Caribbean species of Charinus are quite homogenous, making it difficult to delimit and identify these species ( Miranda et al. 2016b ). Separating the Cuban species is among the most difficult, especially when comparing C. acosta and C. cubensis . The only reliable characters to separate the two species are the development of the median eyes and the counts of articles on the tarsus of leg I. Charinus acosta has reduced median eyes and the leg I tarsus consists of 41 articles, whereas C. cubensis lacks median eyes (occasionally visible as small blackish spots below the tegument) and the leg I tarsus consists of 36–37 articles. Genetic studies of the different populations of C. acosta and other Cuban species may illuminate the true diversity of the genus on the island.