Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi) Author Miranda, Gustavo Silva de 81150D94-592A-4CE5-8E88-E60F557A4341 Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. smiranda.gustavo@gmail.com Author Giupponi, Alessandro P. L. 434112AC-B212-43E8-A5D9-2F5D5619AFC4 Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. agiupponi@gmail.com Author Prendini, Lorenzo C2D080D0-75DB-4DA1-A101-AB4DCF50FF0A Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. lorenzo@amnh.org Author Scharff, Nikolaj F84D2235-66D2-460C-820D-80024068759D Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. & Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. & Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. nscharff@snm.ku.dk text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-09-24 772 1 409 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505 journal article 4042 10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505 b65bb5a9-bbe7-49a4-af44-4b4c03121288 2118-9773 5536410 9B82A32F-0A07-47E3-8684-FED7C8EBF1E9 Charinus troglobius Baptista & Giupponi, 2002 Fig. 43 ; Table 4 Charinus troglobius Baptista & Giupponi, 2002: 106–110 , figs 1–14. Charinus troglobius – Baptista & Giupponi 2003: 79–80 . — Trajano & Bichuette 2010: 12 . — Miranda & Giupponi 2011: 66 , fig. 13. — Vasconcelos et al. 2013: 496 , fig. 12. — Monte et al. 2015: 5 . — Torres-Contreras et al. 2015: 145–146 . — Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2016: 185 . — Miranda et al. 2016c: 19 , 29. Diagnosis Based in part on Baptista & Giupponi (2002) , this species may be separated from other Charinus in eastern South America by means of the following combination of characters: corners of anterior carapace margin produced into truncated processes; median eyes and median ocular tubercle absent; lateral eyes reduced to small whitish spot on each side of carapace, without clearly defined lens; sternal platelets narrow, convex and rounded, tritosternum small, slightly larger than tetrasternum; pedipalps articulating transversally with cephalothorax, but not horizontally; pedipalp spines longer than in other species of genus; pedipalp femur with two dorsal spines and two ventral spines; pedipalp tarsus with two long spines, second spine longer than first; proventral corners of walking legs spiniform; leg IV basitibia + distitibia with 17 trichobothria (1 + 16); leg IV basitarsus much longer than distitarsus. This is the most markedly troglomorphic Brazilian species of Charinus , in which the eyes are completely absent and the leg articles and pedipalp spines extremely elongated. Etymology Latin adjective referring to the troglobitic habitus of the species ( Baptista & Giupponi 2002 ). Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ ; Bahia , Carinhanha , Serra do Ramalho , Gruna do Zé Bastos ; 14°16′53.92″S , 43°46′24.29″W ; 28 Jun. 2001 ; R.L.C. Baptista and A.P.L. Giupponi leg.; MNRJ 9067 . Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ 9069 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ 9078 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ 9081 • 2 ♀♀ , 9 ♂♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ 9068 • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; IES ex MNRJ 9079 [not examined] • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP ex MNRJ 9080 [not examined] • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ 9082 • 1 ♀ , 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; IES 3.2972 and IES 3.2973 [not examined] . Additional material BRAZIL • 1 juv. ; Bahia , Serra do Ramalho , Lapa do Boqueirão ; 29 Jun. 2001 ; R.L.C. Baptista and A.P.L. Giupponi leg.; MNRJ 9034 . Supplementary description CARAPACE. Margin of carapace ventral to lateral eyes with rounded projection; six anterior setae; frontal process triangular, with oval apex, not visible in dorsal view. Small granules densely scattered between ocular triads and among sulci. Median eyes and median ocular tubercle absent; pair of setae in place of median ocular tubercle; lateral eyes reduced to three small, whitish lenses, with seta posterior to lateral ocular triad. STERNUM. Tritosternum short, with four long setae and several smaller setae posteriorly; other sternal platelets narrow and concave, with pair of setae anteriorly on plaque and some smaller setae posteriorly; pentasternum with four setae anteriorly and seta on membranous region. OPISTHOSOMA. Ventral sacs and ventral sac cover absent. GENITALIA. Female genital operculum with prominent setae posteromedially and some smaller setae near margin; gonopod sucker-like and barrel shaped. Male gonopod with base of fistula and lateral lobe sclerotized; lateral lobe 2 fimbriate. CHELICERAE. Small tooth projecting from retrolateral surface of basal segment, opposite to bifid tooth; retrolateral surface of claw with continous row of setae, basally to medially; claw with ten teeth; transverse row of setae on prolateral surface of basal segment absent, with longitudinal row of dense setae, instead; bifid tooth on basal segment with dorsal cusp larger than ventral cusp. PEDIPALPS. Coxal dorsal carina with six prominent setae encircled by round carina and three setae on margin. Femur with two or three (dextral pedipalp of male paratype ) dorsal spines and two ventral spines; dorsal spines situated in distal third; four prominent setiferous tubercles between dorsal spine 1 and proximal margin; setiferous tubercle between ventral spine 1 and proximal margin. Patella with three dorsal spines in primary series; prominent setiferous tubercle distal to spine I, one-third length of spine I, and prominent setiferous tubercle between spines I and II, slightly shorter than first setiferous tubercle; two ventral spines in primary series; extra spine between spine I and distal margin. Tibia with ventral spine distally and three prominent setiferous tubercles proximal to ventral spine; twelve or thirteen setae between spine and distal margin. Tarsus with two dorsal spines, proximal spine one-third length of distal spine; cleaning organ with 29–31 setae in ventral row. LEGS. Tibia of leg I with 23 articles (up to 47 on regenerated legs); tarsus I with 40–42 articles (up to 62 on regenerated legs); first tarsal article shorter than second and subsequent articles. Leg IV basitibia with four pseudo-articles, with sclerotized, denticulate margin projecting from apex of articles; trichobothrium bt situated in proximal third of pseudo-article; distitibia trichobothrium bc situated closer to sbf than to bf , sc and sf series each with five trichobothria. Measurements See Table 4 . Distribution Known from Carinhanha in the Brazilian state of Bahia . Natural history According to Baptista & Giupponi (2002) , all specimens were collected on muddy walls near water bodies, in the dark zone of caves. A troglomorphic harvestman, Giupponia chagasi Pérez & Kury, 2002 , was also found in the cave. Other taxa observed in the cave include spiders ( Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 : Ctenus sp. ), millipedes ( Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 ), crickets ( Phalangopsidae Blanchard, 1845 : possibly Endecous sp. ), cockroaches ( Epilampridae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865 ) and beetles ( Cholevidae Kirby, 1837 ).