A phylogenetic revision of the true bug genus Heraeus (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini), with the description of two new genera and 30 new species Author Dellapé, Pablo M. Author Melo, María C. Author Henry, Thomas J. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016 2016-04-17 177 1 29 134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12362 journal article 10.1111/zoj.12362 0024-4082 10109299 8A961A76-E33C-4171-B401-0B516B62FA6D HERAEUS PACIFICUS BARBER, 1925 ( FIGS 36E , 38 , 39B , 40E–H ) Heraeus pacificus Barber, 1925: 244–246 ; Barber, 1934: 286 ; Slater, 1964: 1083 ; Linsley & Usinger, 1966: 134 ; Ashlock, 1972: 101 ; Parkin et al ., 1972: 102 ; Linsley, 1977: 11 ; Harrington, 1980: 109 ; Schaefer et al ., 1980: 46 ; Froeschner, 1981: 43 ; Froeschner, 1985: 22 ; Peck, 2001: 258 . Figure 40. Male genitalia. Heraeus nicaraguensis sp. nov. : A, pygophore, dorsal view; B, pygophore, lateral view; C, right paramere, inner view; D, right paramere, external view. Heraeus pacificus Barber, 1925 : E, pygophore, dorsal view; F, pygophore, lateral view; G, right paramere, inner view; H, right paramere, external view. Heraeus pallidinervis sp. nov. : I, pygophore, dorsal view; J, pygophore, lateral view; K, right paramere, inner view; L, right paramere, external view. Heraeus penai sp. nov. : M, pygophore, dorsal view; N, pygophore, lateral view; O, right paramere, inner view; P, right paramere, external view. Diagnosis Ocelli posterior to an imaginary line passing the posterior border of eyes. Labium extending to or slightly surpassing mesocoxae. Antennae uniformly dark brown. Pronotum with long erect setae only on anterior pronotal lobe. Membrane brown, without an apical corial spot. Metafemur with a dark subapical band. Anterior margin of dorsal aperture of pygophore slightly rounded with lateral regions angulate. Heraeus pacificus together with H. pulchellus and H. plebejus are the only species in the group that lack a pale band on the distiflagellomere (although in some specimens of H. pulchellus a pale band is slightly evident). Heraeus pacificus can be distinguished by the uniformly coloured dark-brown antenna and the ocelli placed posterior of an imaginary line passing the posterior border of eyes; H. pulchellus and H. plebejus have the antennae pale brown to brown with the apex of basiflagellomere and distiflagellomere darker, and the ocelli are placed at the level of an imaginary line passing the posterior border of eyes. Redescription ( Fig. 36E ) Head: Brown, shiny, coriaceous, with short recumbent and long erect setae dorsally. Eyes not surpassing the dorsal margin of head in lateral view. Ocelli posterior of an imaginary line passing the posterior border of eyes. Labium pale brown, with short erect setae; extending to or slightly surpassing mesocoxae. Antenna uniformly dark brown, with short recumbent and long erect setae. Thorax: Pronotum brown, pruinose, punctate. Posterior pronotal lobe with pale spots and with a pale spot on each humeral angle. Anterior and posterior lobes with short recumbent setae, and erect longer setae on anterior lobe. Scutellum brown, with long erect setae. Evaporative area extended. Hemelytra: irregularly brown, costal margin pale on proximal three-quarters; inner corial spot well developed; membrane brown, with veins paler; setae short and recumbent. Legs: coxae, protrochanter, and profemur dark, at most with apices paler, meso- and metafemur with a narrow subapical dark band; apex of tibiae, tarsi, and pretarsi darker ( Fig. 39B ); setae long and erect, longest on profemur. Abdomen: Brown, with abundant short recumbent setae. Male genitalia: Pygophore ( Fig. 40E, F ) rounded, with posterior margin straight, anterior margin of dorsal aperture almost straight, inner projections long, slightly bilobed. Parameres: Figure 40 (G, H). Aedeagus: conjunctiva unspined, with an anterior lobe at base of the ejaculatory reservoir; vesica with minute spines lateral to the ejaculatory reservoir and on the lobes; processus gonopori long and slender. Variability observed We have examined specimens from Santa Cruz Island that differ from Barber’s (1925) original description. These specimens are paler; the head is slightly narrower than the anterior lobe of the pronotum; all antennal segments have abundant setae; the labium is shorter, extending to mesocoxae, and in some specimens the labium surpasses the mesocoxae, extending to the anterior region of the metacoxae; and the hemelytra have short recumbent setae. In addition, we have observed some characters not mentioned in the original description: the scutellum has setae longer than on the anterior lobe of pronotum; the legs have short semi-erect setae; and the anterior tibiae bear small denticles ventrally that are more conspicuous in the males. Distribution Galapagos: Santa María Island, San Salvador Island , and Santa Cruz Island; Fernandina Island, Floreana Island, Santiago Island (NEW RECORDS) ( Fig. 38 ). Type material This species was described based on a male holotype , and two female and one male paratypes from James Island , deposited in AMNH . Material studied GALAPAGOS : Santa Cruz Island : 2♀ , Indefatigable Island , Puerto Azora , XII-1971 /III-[19]72, at light, J. Vagvolgyi ( CAS ) ; 23♂ , 32♀ , Hornemann Ranch , 8-II- 1964 , I.L. Wiggins ( CAS ) ; 1♂ , 1♀ , Hornemann Farm , 220 m a.s.l. 5-IV-1964 , D.Q. Cavagnaro ( CAS ) ; 1♂ , 1♀ , D.Q. Cavagnaro ( MLP ) ; 1♀ , 7-V-1964 , D.Q. Cavagnaro ( CAS ) ; 1♂ , grassland, 750 m a.s.l. , 10-IV-1964 , D.Q. Cavagnaro ( CAS ) ; 1♂ , 4♀ , Academy Bay , Darwin Research Station , 8-II-1964 , R.O. Schuster ( CAS ) ; 1♀ , 12-II-1964 , D.Q. Cavagnaro & R.O. Schuster ( CAS ) ; 1♂ , 1♀ , vic. Media Luna , 4-VI-[19] 70, 600 m a.s.l. , at light, Miconia ‘ Belt’, R . Silverglied & T.J. de Vries ( USNM ) ; 2♂ , vic. Media Luna , 4-VI-[19] 70, 600 m a.s.l. , at light, Miconia ‘ Belt’, R . Silverglied ( USNM ) ; 2♂ , 2♀ , Cerro Crocker , 800 m a.s.l. , 19-VI-[19]85, volcano crater, ferns & Psychotria litter, S. & J. Peck ( USNM ) ; 9♂ , 19♀ , Los Gemelos , 31 km N Sta. Ro [sa], 15-VII-[19]85, Scalesia forest, 570 m a.s.l. , FIT & Malaise, S. &. J. Peck ( USNM ) ; 17♂ , 34♀ , 13-VI/15-VII-[19]85, FIT & Malaise, S. &. J. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , 2♀ , Scalesia forest litter, FIT & Malaise, S. &. J. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , 9 km N Los Gemelos , 330 m a.s.l. , 17-V-[19]91, up. trans. for UV light, J. Heraty & S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , El Granillo , 9 km N Los Gemelos , 15-VI-[19]91, trans. for UV light, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 8♂ , 12♀ , 4 km NE St Rosa , 28-VI- [19]85, Scalesia forest litter N of Cerro Banderas , S. & J. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , 1♀ , 4 km N Bellavista Medialuna , 620 m a.s.l. , 14-V/13-VII-[19]85, Miconia zone, FIT, S. & J. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Media Luna , 600 m a.s.l. , 29-V-[19]91, wet Miconia litter, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , 35 km W Bellavista , Finca Vilema , 210 m a.s.l. , Scalesia pasture, FIT, 1/30-V-[19]92, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; Isabella Island : 7♂ , 12♀ , Alcedo , 20/24-VI- [19]91, Crater rim, UV light, 1100 m , S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Volcan Alcedo crater rim, 1100 m a.s.l. , 21/ 23-VI- 1991 , CVALC-09–017, C. Vogel ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Volcan Alcedo , 21/26-VI-[19]91, C. Vogel ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , 3♀ , NE rim Alcedo , 1100 m a.s.l. , 21/25-VI-[19]91, pit & bottle tps under shrubs, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Alcedo SE crater rim, 23-VI-[19]91, 1150 m a.s.l., Bermoss & epiphytes on trees, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , Alcedo , 10 km SW NE Playa , 1100 m a.s.l. , 24-VI-[19]91, Heraty , scrub for. H91-114 ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Cerro Azul , 7 km NE Caleta Iguana , 700 m a.s.l. , pampas, 23-V-[19]91, leaf litter sifting, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Cerro Azul , 2 km NE Caleta Iguana , FIT, 19/25-V-[19] 91, 155 m a.s.l. , S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Cerro Azul , 300 m a.s.l. , 18/26-C-1991, C. Vogel ( USNM ) ; 3♀ , 350 m a.s.l. , 22/ 25-V-1991 , C. Vogel ( USNM ) ; 1♀ , Cerro Azul , 8 km W Cal. Iguana , 850 m a.s.l. , 22-V-[19]91, crater/grass, J. Heraty ( USNM ) ; Fernandina Island : 1♀ , 10 km NE Cabo Hammond , 400 m a.s.l. , 6/9-V-[19]91, open meadow, UV, S. & J. Peck ( USNM ) ; Santiago Island : 1♂ , 1♀ , Pla. Espumilla , 2 m , arid zone opening, 3/10-VI-[19]91, UV light, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; 1♂ , 1♀ , Aguacate Camp. , 550 m a.s.l. , 4-7/ 8-VI-[19]91, humid forest, UV light, S. Peck ( USNM ) ; Floreana Island : 1♀ , base Cerro Pajas , 300 m a.s.l. , 28- III/23-IV-[19]96, Scalesia forest, Malaise, S . Peck ( USNM ) .