Neotropical bees of the genus Heriades Spinola, 1808 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini) with description of nine new species Author Rojas-Arias, Laura 0000-0002-7718-1853 Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM. Unidad de Author Griswold, Terry 0000-0003-3952-9393 Author Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael 0000-0002-5493-850X Author Morrone, Juan J. Museo de Zoología “ Alfonso L. Herrera ”, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma Author Barajas, Ricardo Ayala 0000-0002-7718-1853 text Zootaxa 2025 2025-01-17 5570 2 201 259 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.1 journal article 307866 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.1 185fad02-aee4-4e05-9295-ea36217424d1 1175-5326 14734877 7177B69B-6132-485D-87C7-4EA807692757 Key to species of Heriades for the Neotropical region of Mexico and Central America Males 1 Posterior margin of S1 on ventral view truncate medially ( Fig. 2E, J, K, L ), (with two small, triangular sublateral projections for H. nora sp. nov. ( Fig. 2M ), or medially with broad emargination forming two lobes ( Fig. 2A, D, G ). (Sometimes the morphological posterior margin is hidden by a large transversal process)......................................... 2 - Posterior margin of S1 on ventral view medially produced to a rounded or pointed apex ( Fig. 2C, F, H, I, N ), sometimes produced with minute emargination at apex ( Fig. 2B, O )...................................................... 9 2 (1) S 1 in profile with strong ventral process ( Fig. 2A, D, G, J, M )................................................. 3 - S 1 in profile with rounded low angle ( Fig. 2E, K, L )......................................................... 7 3 (2) S2 and S3 with long, white, plumose hairs; apex of S5 with posterior margin wavy and with two small tufts of capitate hairs directed laterally, on posterior-lateral angles ( Fig. 27E ); apex of S6 with a single central tuft of hooked hairs, increasing its length outwards ( Fig. 27F )........................................................... Heriades nora sp. nov. - S2 and S3 bare, without long, white, plumose hairs; apex of S5 with two rectangular lobes, subtriangular medially, one transverse line of capitate hairs increasing in length towards sides ( Fig. 7E , 17E , 25E , 31E ); apex of S6 with two tufts ( Fig. 25F , 30F ) or a line of hairs ( Fig. 7F , 17F )............................................................................ 4 4 (3) Process of S 1 in posterior view with one cusp, rounded, quadrate or slightly acute ( Fig. 2 Ac, Gc, Jc)................... 5 - Process of S 1 in posterior view with two rounded cusps, divided by a soft small emargination ( Fig. 2D )................................................................................................ Heriades briceida sp. nov. 5 (4) Flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally ( Fig. 31A ); pronotal lobe with white, thin, plumose pubescence as in rest of mesosoma; ocelli large, 2.5 times diameter of a puncture ( Fig. 31B ); process on S 1 in posterior view with acute apex ( Fig. 2 Gc).......................................................................... Heriades viridiana sp. nov. - Flagellum light brown ( Fig. 17A , 24A ); pronotal lobe with patch of distinctly thick, yellow, or white plumose hairs contrasting with the rest of mesosoma; ocelli small, 1.5 times diameter of a puncture ( Fig. 17B, D , 24B, D ); process on S 1 in posterior view with subquadrangular apex ( Fig. 2 Ac, Jc).................................................................. 6 6 (5) Outer surface of mandible with two strong tubercles, increasing in size from base to apex and abruptly truncate in middle of mandible; clypeus with yellowish plumose hairs, in profile forming a positive diagonal ( Fig. 17A ); apex of gonostylus subquadrangular with preapical, long, plumose hairs ( Fig. 17G, H ); apical margin of S6 with transverse line of capitate hairs ( Fig. 17F )...................................................................... Heriades danuncia sp. nov. - Outer surface of mandible smooth, without tubercles; clypeus with white plumose hairs, in profile without a clear pattern ( Fig. 25A ); gonostylus rounded without hairs ( Fig. 25G, H ); S6 with two tufts of hooked hairs directed anteriorly ( Fig. 25F )......................................................................................... Heriades micheneri 7 (2) Large-sized bees ( 7.2–7.7 mm ); Head and mesosoma with plumose, thin, long, white, scattered hairs, evenly distributed on its entire surface ( Fig. 33B ); S5 with two tufts of capitate hairs directed medially ( Fig. 33E ); S6 with two subapical, dense tufts of simple hairs directed downward ( Fig. 33F ); restricted to Mexico ( Fig. 32 )................... Heriades vulcanica sp. nov. - Small-sized bees ( 4.2–6 mm ); Head and mesosoma with plumose, thin, short, white hairs, densely distributed in tufts, and frons, scutum and mesepisternum with large disc areas with simple, very short hairs on each puncture ( Fig. 15B , 23B ); posterior margin of S5 with one line of scattered, capitate hairs and simple hairs medially ( Fig. 15E ), or two lines of dense, capitate hairs ( Fig. 23E ); posterior margin of S6 with one line of capitated hairs ( Fig. 15F ) or two spikes ( Fig. 23F ).................. 8 8 (7) Clypeus, frons and paraocular area with golden, plumose hairs ( Fig. 23A ); interantennal distance 1.6 times antennocular distance; posterior margin of S5 with two dense lines of capitate hairs ( Fig. 23E ); posterior margin of S6 with two subapical, long, thin spikes enlarged at base and quadrate al tip ( Fig. 23F ); restricted to Costa Rica ( Fig. 22 )........... Heriades mariana sp. nov. - Clypeus, frons and paraocular area with white, plumose hairs ( Fig. 23A ); interantennal distance 1.8 times antennocular distance; posterior margin of S5 with one line of capitate hairs ( Fig. 15E ); posterior margin of S6 with one preapical line of capitate hairs ( Fig. 15f ).............................................................................. Heriades currani 9 (1) Pedicel and scape yellowish ( Fig. 11A )................................................. Heriades cristina sp. nov. - Pedicel and scape black............................................................................... 10 10 (9) Posterior margin of S5 with simple hairs medially ( Fig. 9E ); apical terga on metasoma with orange pubescence ( Fig. 9B )......................................................................................... Heriades bruneri - Posterior margin of S5 with capitate hairs medially ( Fig. 5E , 13E , 19E , 21E , 29E ); apical terga on metasoma with white pubescence......................................................................................... 11 11 (10) Posterior margin of S1 with minute emargination ( Fig. 2 Bb, Ob)............................................... 12 - Posterior margin of S1 entire, without minute emargination ( Fig. 2 Fb, Hb, Nb)................................... 13 12 (11) Apical margin of clypeus entire, without emargination; apex of S6 with two tufts of short, simple hairs ( Fig. 13F ); S6 with acute apex ( Fig. 13F )......................................................................... Heriades crucifera - Apical margin of clypeus with emargination; apex of S6 with two tufts of 3 to 4 thick, long hairs resembling a spike ( Fig. 5F ); S6 with rounded apex ( Fig. 5F )...................................................... Heriades amanda sp. nov. 13 (10) Clypeus with plumose, white hairs on its entire surface or at least dense on inferior half; posterior margin of S5 without projections, with two tufts of capitate hairs directed medially, of different lengths ( Fig. 18E , 28E ).................... 14 - Clypeus with plumose hairs seemly absent; posterior margin of S5 with two small, sub quadrangular projections, with few short, capitate hairs on top ( Fig. 21E ).................................................... Heriades luisa sp. nov. 14 (13) Clypeus with white, plumose hairs on apical half; S 1 in profile, with ventral angle more than one third of distance from apex to base ( Fig. 2F )........................................................................... Heriades leavitti - Clypeus with white, plumose hairs on its entire surface; S 1 in profile, with ventral angle one third or less of distance from apex to base ( Fig. 2H )......................................................................... Heriades texana Females 1 Outer surface of mandible with one or more tubercles, or a strong elevation at base of outer and/or condylar ridge........ 2 - Outer surface of mandible without tubercle or any noticeable elevation at base of outer and condylar ridge (except in a few specimens of H. bruneri , they can be identified by small elevation on outer ridge and orangish hairs on posterior terga).... 6 2 (1) Posterior edge of malar area with large, strong, subtriangular angle, similar-sized to condyle ( Fig. 13C , 29C ); distance from posterior ocellus to preoccipital ridge large (2.50–3.35 times LO) ( Fig. 13D , 29D ); punctures on T3 medium-sized or large (~0.66 DOP of scutum)................................................................................ 3 - Posterior edge of malar area without large, strong subtriangular angle ( Fig. 15C , 23C , 33C ); distance from posterior ocellus to preoccipital ridge short (1.25 times LO) ( Fig. 15D , 23D , 33D ); punctures on T3 small and sparse (0.40–0.45 times DOP of scutum)............................................................................................ 4 3 (2) Ventral margin of mandible with well-defined angle ( Fig. 29C arrow); outer surface of mandible without notorious tubercle, the angle is joining point at base of outer and condylar ridges......................................... Heriades texana - Ventral margin of mandible straight without angle ( Fig. 13C ); outer surface of mandible with notorious semicircular tubercle at base of outer and condylar ridges, from base of mandible to interior margin........................ Heriades crucifera 4 (2) Outer surface of mandible with notorious tubercle at base of condylar ridge, and a low Y-like tubercle at base of outer ridge; interior margin of mandible with tooth-like elevation; apical margin of clypeus with two medium-sized to prominent tubercles................................................................................ Heriades currani - Outer surface of mandible with one notorious tubercle at base condylar ridge and outer ridge; interior margin of mandible with carina (without tooth-like elevation); apical margin of clypeus with five or more small tubercles, sometimes as irregular crenulations......................................................................................... 5 5 (4) Apical margin of clypeus with emargination; hairs on posterior terga yellowish to orange ( Fig. 33D )... H. vulcanica sp. nov. - Apical margin of clypeus straight, without emargination; hairs on posterior terga white ( Fig. 23D )... Heriades mariana sp. nov. 6 (1) Punctures on T3 small (0.33–0.40 DOP as on scutum [except on H. luisa sp. nov. : 0.60 DOP as on scutum, which punctures are small) ( Fig. 3K )...................................................................................... 7 - Punctures on T3 medium-sized or large (~1 DOP as on scutum) ( Fig. 3J )......................................... 9 7 (6) Apical margin of clypeus with two prominent or small tubercles on frontal view ( Fig. 9C ); pubescence on posterior terga orangish ( Fig. 9D )....................................................................... Heriades bruneri - Apical margin of clypeus with five or more small tubercles on frontal view ( Fig. 5C ); pubescence on posterior terga white ( Fig. 5D , 20D )............................................................................................ 8 8 (7) Frons with hooked, bright, golden hairs; punctures on base of clypeus large (~0.33 times OD) ( Fig. 5C ); punctures on scutum medium-sized (0.38 times OD) ( Fig. 3E ); metepisternum with few plumose, white, erected, thin hairs and disc with tuft of plumose, bright white, short hairs ( Fig. 3D )............................................ Heriades amanda sp. nov. - Frons with simple, white hairs; punctures on base of clypeus small (~0.25 times OD) ( Fig. 21C ); punctures on scutum small (~0.20 times OD) ( Fig. 3D ); metepisternum with few plumose, white, erected, thin hairs without tuft ( Fig. 21D )........................................................................................... Heriades luisa sp. nov. 9 (6) Apical margin of clypeus with two prominent tubercles ( Fig. 11C , 19C ); apical terga fasciae with rows of thin, white hairs ( Fig. 3L )............................................................................................... 10 - Apical margin of clypeus with five or more small tubercles ( Fig. 17C ); apical terga fasciae with a tidy row of thick, white hairs ( Fig. 3J )........................................................................................... 11 10 (9) Frons in front of ocelli with small punctures ( 0.05 mm ) and on T3 medium-sized (0.19 times OD); surface of T3 dull; wings usually dusky............................................................................ Heriades leavitti - Frons in front of ocelli and T3 with large punctures ( 0.06 mm , 0.30 times OD); surface of T3 bright; wings clear......................................................................................... Heriades cristina sp. nov. 11 (9) Base of propodeum with large pits (~ 0.07 mm ) ( Fig. 3I ); punctures on posterior surface of propodeum abundant reaching superior edge or carina............................................................... Heriades nora sp. nov. - Base of propodeum with small to middle pits (~ 0.04 mm ) ( Fig. 3G, H ); punctures on posterior surface of propodeum scarce on superior edge or carina............................................................................... 12 12 (11) Punctures on frons in front of ocelli and vertex large (0.7–0.9 times OD); middle ocelli smaller than laterals; dorsolateral angles of pronotum with rounded tuft of plumose, orangish to white-yellowish, thick hairs ( Fig. 25D , 17D ); punctures on T3 large (~0.5 times OD)..................................................................................... 13 - Punctures on frons in front of ocelli and vertex medium-sized (0.2–0.4 times OD); middle ocelli as large as laterals; dorsolateral angles of pronotum with few plumose, white, thin hairs joining hairs on pronotum but not forming a rounded tuft ( Fig. 7D , 31D ); punctures on T3 medium-sized (~0.4 times OD)...................................................... 14 13 (12) Scape thin, 3.1 times longer than wide ( Fig. 25C ); punctures on mesepisternum medium-sized (0.4 times OD) and slightly sparse (0.3 times DOP)................................................................. Heriades micheneri - Scape thick, 2.7 times longer than wide ( Fig. 17C ); punctures on mesepisternum large (0.6 times OD) and dense (0.2 times DOP)......................................................................... Heriades danuncia sp. nov. 14 (12) Apical margin of clypeus with tubercles in the middle; ocelli medium-sized ( Fig. 3B ); punctures on scutum medium-sized (0.4 times OD) ( Fig. 3E ).............................................................. Heriades briceida sp. nov. - Apical margin of clypeus without tubercles in the middle; ocelli large ( Fig. 3C ); punctures on scutum large (0.5 times OD) ( Fig. 3F )........................................................................... Heriades viridiana sp. nov.