Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes
Author
Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.
Author
Riera, Pamela
pamela.riera1@gmail.com
Author
Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura
laurapaninao@gmail.com
Author
Guzmán, Vicente Valdés
vicente.mvg@gmail.com
Author
Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia
phenriquezpi@student.unimelb.edu.au
text
Zootaxa
2021
2021-04-15
4959
1
1
178
journal article
7241
10.11646/zootaxa.4959.1.1
e9fcfa2b-72cd-4826-a7e5-c33cd37bf00e
1175-5326
4693464
3BAB6920-30AC-410A-995B-BBDA9E2A105D
Copestylum
(
Phalacromya) scutellata
(
Macquart, 1842
)
Figs 137–139
Volucella scutellata
Macquart, 1842: 85
Temnocera andicola
Bigot, 1884: 548
Temnocera scutellata
Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 189
*
Type
locality and data.
“
Chile
” (T,
♂
,
MNHNP
)
.
Material examined.
Arica y Parinacota
: Putre,
25.II.1948
(
Etcheverry 1952
);
1♂
, Zapahuira,
26.III.2018
, Leg. R. Barahona-Segovia (
PCRBS
);
Tarapacá
: Poroma,
1.III.1948
(
Etcheverry 1952
); Miñita,
16.III.1948
(
Etcheverry 1952
); Mamiña,
16.VII.1951
(
Etcheverry 1952
); Chaquiña,
23.VII.1951
(
Etcheverry 1952
); Parca,
30.VII.1951
(
Etcheverry 1952
);
Atacama
:
1♂
, Quebrada del Buitre,Tierra Amarilla,
2.X.2006
, Leg. J. Unda (
UFRO
);
1♀
, Cerro El Purgatorio,
6.XII.1982
, Leg.Arriagada (
MNHNCL
);
Coquimbo
:
1♀
, Pisco Elqui,
17.X.2004
, Leg.M.Beeche (
SAG
);
1♂
,
1♀
, Vicuña,
II.1939
, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
2♂
,
1♀
, El Cepo,
I.1998
, Leg. A. Ugarte (
MEUC
);
1♂
, El Pangue, Vicuña,
24.VIII.1956
, Leg. Wagenknecht (
MZUC
);
1♀
, El Pangue, las trancas,
15.II.1953
Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
, Nogales,
I.2003
, J. Gómez (
SAG
); Hacienda El Mauro, Caimanes (
Fraga 1937
);
1♀
, Illapel,
09.IV.1971
, Leg. P. Ramírez F. (
MZUC
);
1♂
, La Serena,
04.I.1957
, Leg. Somoza (
MZUC
);
1♀
, Tranque Recoleta,
29.X.1975
, Leg. O.
León
(
MNHNCL
);
1♂
, Illapel, no data, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
, Los Mantos, Ovalle,
31.III.1070
, Leg. L. Alfaro (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Ovalle,
1.III.1971
. Leg. L. Alfaro (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
,
2♀
, Divisadero, Punitaqui,
5–18.I.1968
, Leg. L.W. Alfaro (
MEUC
);
1♂
, Los Molles,
21.XI.1965
, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Los Vilos,
16.II.1970
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
Valparaíso
:
1♀
, Cabildo,
14.VIII.1954
, Leg. E. Breit (
MZUC
);
1♂
,
2♀
, Quillota,
26.XII.1975
, Leg. G. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
2♀
, Horcones, 2.II.69, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
,
1♀
, Colliguay,
5.VIII.1980
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Leyda,
1.II.1942
, Leg. L.E. Peña (
INIA
);
1♀
, C. Horcón
31.I.1978
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
2♂
, Quilpué
20.XII.1961
, Leg. Solervicens (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, La Dormida,
29.I.1982
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Peñablanca,
28.I.1982
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
,
Peñuelas
,
15.I.1975
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
); Metropolitana:
1♀
, TilTil,
27.II.2008
, Leg. M. Beeche (
SAG
);
2♀
, Pudahuel,
26.X.1949
, Leg. L.E. Peña (
INIA
);
1♂
, El Pangue,
2.XI.1980
, Leg. L. Peña (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Maipú,
XI.1942
, Leg. L.E. Peña (
INIA
);
1♂
, Quinta Normal,
10.I.1951
, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
, Piedra Blanca,
12.X.1965
, Leg. Solervicens (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Cerro La Provincia,
15.X.1984
, Leg. Arrigada (
MNHNCL
);
2♂
,
2♀
, Cerro San Cristóbal,
30.III.1953
, Leg. E.O.B. (
MZUC
);
1♂
,
1♀
, Agua del Chancho,
27.VIII.1980
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Quebrada Seca, Las Condes,
5.VIII.1980
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
2♂
,
2♀
,
Centro
de Esqui, Farellones,
02.II.2015
, Leg. R. Barahona-Segovia (
PCRBS
);
3♀
, Peñalolen,
8.XII.1952
, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
,
3♀
, Quebrada de Macul,
1.IV.1953
, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
,
1♀
, La Castrina,
30.X.1969
, Leg. L. Alfaro (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, La Obra,
XI.1951
, Leg. NN (
MZUC
);
2♀
, El Manzano,
12.IV.1981
, Leg. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♂
,
1♀
, Camino al Alfalfal,
23.II.1967
, Leg. V. Pérez (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Las Vertientes,
20.X.1998
, Leg. R. Trincado (
INIA
);
1♀
, El Alfalfal,
III.1967
. Leg. NN (
MEUC
);
1♂
,
1♀
, Rio
Colorado
,
8.IX.1980
, Leg. P. Cerda (
MNHNCL
);
1♀
, Laguna Aculeo,
20.II.2002
, Leg. J. Mondaca (
SAG
);
O’Higgins
:
1♂
, Las Cabras,
15.I.1958
, Leg. NN (
MZUC
);
2♂
,
2♀
, Termas de Cauquenes, Rancagua,
22.III.1969
, Leg. R.
Cortes
(
MEUC
);
Maule
:
1♀
, Pencahue,
26.X.1968
, Leg. J. Moroni (
MNHNCL
); Ñuble: (sex undetermined)
Cordillera
de Chillán, no data, Leg. NN (
MNHNCL
); La
Araucanía
: Traiguén (
Porter 1923
).
References.
Macquart, 1842: 85
(desc.);
Blanchard, 1852: 405
(desc.);
Blanchard, 1852
, plate 4, fig. 6 (ill.);
Philippi, 1865: 139
(desc.);
Schiner, 1868: 359
(desc.);
Williston 1886: 317
(cat.);
Reed 1888: 297
(cat.); Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 189 (cat.);
Hine, 1914: 344
(desc.);
Porter, 1918: 181
(cat.);
Porter, 1920: 158
(cat.);
Porter, 1921: 447
(cat., dist. & notes);
Porter, 1923: 117
(cat.);
Porter, 1924: 98
(cat.);
Curran, 1926a: 59
(desc.);
Curran,
1930c: 9 (key);
Porter, 1933: 182
(checklist);
Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 169
(desc. & notes);
Curran, 1934: 382
(key);
Fraga, 1937: 198
(natural history);
Porter, 1938: 155
(cat.);
Gutiérrez, 1939: 35
(cat.);
Sack, 1941: 106
(cat.);
Stuardo, 1946: 129
(cat.);
Etcheverry, 1951: 356
(cat.);
Fluke, 1951b: 5
, figs 18, 21, 36 & 47 (key);
Etcheverry, 1952: 309
(cat.);
Bastidas, 1956: 4
(natural history);
Fluke, 1957: 85
(cat.);
Etcheverry, 1963: 106
(cat.),
Etcheverry, 1970: 96
(cat.);
Thompson, 1972b: 109
(
Milesiinae
rev.);
Thompson
et al.
, 1976: 83
(cat.);
Arroyo
et al.
, 1982: 93
(pollinator study).
World distribution.
Argentina
,
Brazil
,
Peru
and
Chile
.
Chilean distribution.
From
Arica y Parinacota
to La
Araucanía region
(
Fig. 147
).
Altitudinal range.
From coastal to highlands ecosystems (10–
4,200 m
.a.s.l.).
FIGURES 134–139
.
Copestylum rufoscutellare
(
Philippi, 1865
)
:
(134)
lateral view and
(135)
dorsal view, male (Photos by Vicente Valdés). Scale bars = 1.5 mm.
Copestylum saphirinum
(
Bigot, 1883
)
:
(136)
lateral view, female (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 2 mm.
Copestyllum scutellata
(
Macquart, 1842
)
:
(137)
lateral view (photo by Vicente Valdés). Scale bar = 3 mm.
(138)
feeding on
Porlieria chilensis
I. M. Johnst., Alcones
(photo by Esteban López), and
(139)
feeding on
Prunus
sp., Santiago (photo by Orlando Montes).
Biology and notes.
Copestylum scutellatum
is a species that has a wide distribution in the Neotropical region. In
Chile
, the species is found from highlands in the Puna province to Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests.
Porter (1921)
associated this species with the flowers of
Aristolochia chilensis
. thanks to some specimens collected by professor Stuardo in La Serena.
Bastidas (1956)
associates females of this species with the cactus of the genus
Opuntia
, where it deposits their eggs in groups of two or three in the thorns of high parts of the plant. It has also been observed visiting native flowers of
H. stenophyllum
(Toty Leiva, CSP record);
Porlieria chilensis
(I.M. Johnst.)
(Javiera Chinga and Tomás Paulo, CSP records);
Talguenea quinquinervia
(Gill et Cook) Johnst
(Ariadna Veas, CSP record);
Trevoa quinquenervia
(Daniel Llavaneras, CSP record);
B. globosa
(Fernando González, CSP record);
Encelia canescens
Lam.
(Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia pers. obs.);
Baccharis
sp. (Apatama Ph, CSP record);
Acacia caven
(Molina) Molina
(César Martínez, CSP record);
Q. saponaria
(César Martínez, CSP record);
Prosopis chilensis
(Molina) Stuntz emend. Burkart
, and
Frankenia chilensis
K. Presl.
(Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.). It has also been observed visiting exotic plants such as
R. sativus
(R. Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.);
Prunus domestica
L. (Orlando Montes, CSP record) and
E. pectinatus
(Claudia Contreras, CSP record).
Conservation status.
LC; EOO =
240,950 km
2
, AOO =
244 km
2
, 45 subpopulations and 53 localities.