Fourteen new species and two taxonomic notes on Brazilian Myrtaceae Author Sobral, Marcos DCNAT-UFSJ - São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil (marcos _ sobral @ hotmail. com) Author Grippa, Carlos R. Socioambiental Consultores Associados - Florianópolis, SC, Brazil (carlos 80 bio @ yahoo. com. br) Author Souza, Marcelo C. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (msouza @ jbrj. gov. br). Author Aguiar, Osny T. Instituto Florestal de São Paulo - São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Author Bertoncello, Ricardo Dep. Botânica Unicamp - Campinas, SP, Brazil (ricardobertoncello @ yahoo. com. br) Author Guimarães, Thais B. Pós-Graduação em Botânica UFRGS - Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (tbguima @ hotmail. com) text Phytotaxa 2012 2012-04-17 50 1 19 50 http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.50.1.3 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.50.1.3 1179-3163 5060758 5. Myrciaria O. Berg The genus Myrciaria O.Berg comprises 24 species ranging from Mexico and Antilles to Uruguay ( Govaerts et al. 2011 ), from which 20 are reported for Brazil . It is characterized mostly by the flowers with ovaries with two locules and two locules per ovule, as well as the deciduous calyx tube, which leaves a typical circular scar in the fruits. 5.1. Myrciaria alagoana Sobral , sp. nov. Type: Brazil , Alagoas , mun. São Miguel dos Campos , Engenho Novo, 4 Jan. 1968 , M . T . Monteiro 21879 ( holotype HST ). Figure 14 . This species is related to Myrciaria glomerata , differing through its glabrous and longly acuminate leaves. Tree (?). Twigs grey, glabrous or with scattered simple grey or white trichomes to 1.5 mm , the internodes 15–25 × 1.5–2 mm . Leaves with petioles glabrous or with trichomes as the twigs, canaliculate, 5–7 × 1–1.2 mm ; blades elliptic–caudate, 65–90 × 25–33 mm , 2.6–3.3 times longer than wide, concoloured or slightly discoloured when dried, glabrous or with scattered simple trichomes 1–1.5 mm along the midvein at the abaxial side; glandular dots visible only against light, smaller than 0.1 mm in diameter and about ten per square milimeter; apex caudate and mucronate in 13–20 mm ; base cuneate; midvein sulcate adaxially and prominent abaxially; secondary veins 12 to 30 at each side, straight, leaving the midvein at angles about 70 degrees, weakly prominent adaxially and a little more so abaxially; marginal vein to 0.5 mm from the margin, the margin itself with a yellow thickening to 0.1 mm wide. Inflorescences glomerulate, axillary, with up to four sessile flowers; bracteoles fused at least when young, elliptic, to 2.7 × 2 mm , darker than the flower buds when dry, somewhat covered with grey trichomes to 0.3 mm ; flower buds obovate, 5–6 × 3 mm , densely and uniformly covered with grey to white trichomes to 1 mm ; calyx lobes four, more or less equal between them, ovate, 2 × 1.6–2 mm , pilose abaxially and glabrous adaxially; petals obovate, 2–2.5 × 1.8–2 mm , glabrous adaxially and moderately covered with brown or grey trichomes 0.2–0.3 abaxially; stamens about 100, to 4 mm long, the anthers elliptic, 0.2–0.4 × 0.2 mm , eglandular; staminal ring to 2 mm wide; calyx tube 1–1.5 mm deep, glabrous; style 4–5 mm , glabrous, the stigma punctiform and not visibly papillose; ovary with two locules and two ovules per locule. Fruits not seen. FIGURE 14. Myrciaria alagoana — image of holotype (scale — 50 mm). Insert: inflorescence (scale — 10 mm). Distribution, habitat, phenology — this species is known only from two collections gathered in 1968 in São Miguel dos Campos, in the northeastern coastal zone of the state of Alagoas . Flowers were collected in April and December. Conservation status — there are about 1200 collections from São Miguel dos Campos ( CRIA 2012 ), a municipality of 360 km 2 ( IBGE 2012 ), rendering an average of about 3 collections / km 2 ; nevertheless, most of these collections are from more than thirty years ago and present information about the collection sites is wanting; so, although the two known collections of Myrciaria alagoana , as well as the absence of recent collections, may suggest its rarity, it must be scored as DD (Data Deficient) according to IUCN criteria (IUCN 2001) Affinities — Myrciaria alagoana is apparently related to M. glomerata O.Berg (for description see Berg 1857 –1859: 365 or Morais & Lombardi 2006: 26 ), differing from it through the longly acuminate and abaxially glabrous leaves. Etymology — the epithet is allusive to the collection place. Vernacular name — araçá–mulato (according to the holotype label). Paratype — Brazil , Alagoas , mun. São Miguel dos Campos , Fazenda Brasil , 18 Dec. 1968 , M . T . Monteiro 23073 ( HST ) .