The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome Author Denk, Thomas Author Sami, Marco Author Teodoridis, Vasilis Author Martinetto, Edoardo text Fossil Imprint 2022 2022-08-26 78 1 217 262 http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.009 journal article 10.37520/fi.2022.009 2533-4069 7167867 Epimedium cf. praeaspera (ANDR.) GIVUL., 1979 Text-fig. 3i 1956 Smilax praeaspera ANDR. , p. 228, pl. 5, fig. 19. 1959 Smilax praeaspera ANDR. ; Andreanszky, p. 182, textfig. 236, pl. 58, fig. 5. 1979 Epimedium praeaspera (ANDR.) GIVUL. , p. 99, pl. 41, figs 9, 10. 1998 Epimedium praeaspera (ANDR.) GIVUL. ; Knobloch, p. 16, pl. 5, figs 8, 9. M a t e r i a l. Oriolo MSF 778. D e s c r i p t i o n. Leaflet, lamina cordate, 35 mm long, 25 mm wide, base strongly cordate, lobate, apex acuminate, venation festooned brochidodromous, leaf margin spiny, ca. 3 spines/ 1 cm lamina margin. R e m a r k s. The leaves from Oriolo are very similar to the specimens of Epimedium praeaspera from the Pliocene flora of Willershausen ( Knobloch 1998 ). According to Givulescu (1979) , this species is closely related to the extant E . alpinum Text-fig. 3. a–e: Berberis auriolensis sp. nov. a: Oriolo MSF 644, Holotype. b: Oriolo MSF 794, asterisks indicate position of teeth. c: Oriolo MSF 784. d: Oriolo MSF 789. e: Oriolo MSF 790. f–h: Modern leaves of Berberis . f: Berberis amurensis var. japonica modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 0454). g: Berberis koreana modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1646). h: Berberis canadensis modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1670). i: Epimedium cf. praeaspera Oriolo MSF 778, asterisk indicates position of tooth. j: Clematis aff. vitalba Oriolo MSF 630. Scale bars 10 mm (a–j). L. native to broad-leaved deciduous mountain forests from Albania northwards to Austria and Piedmont ( Italy ).