Phylogeny of the old and fragmented genus Austrocoenosia Malloch reveals new evidences on the morphology and evolution of the genera Coenosia Meigen and Neodexiopsis Malloch (Diptera: Muscidae) Author Patitucci, Luciano Damian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-6071 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia " (MACN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina lpatitu@yahoo.com.ar Author Mulieri, Pablo Ricardo Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia " (MACN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Author Couri, Marcia Souto Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil Author Dominguez, Martha Cecilia Laboratorio de Entomologia, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Aridas (IADIZA-CONICET) Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina text Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 2023 2023-07-21 81 611 653 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e104969 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e104969 1864-8312-81-611 8C3E7D063B2548429F28A76926D4A741 D6555CEAD4F355FF9A3D61D126ABBDE6 Coenosia dubia (Bigot, 1885) comb. rest. Male (Fig. 15A). Length. Body: 3.98-4.22 mm, wing: 3.70-4.00 mm. Head : (Fig. 15B ). Frons at vertex about one third of the head width. Frons, fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena black with silver-grey pollinosity; 3-4 pairs of frontal setae. Frons longer than wide, with frontal triangle long, light grey, reaching lunula. Gena higher than the width of postpedicel. Fronto-orbital plate with 3-5 little setulae, close to parafacialia. Antenna black, apical angle of postpedicel acute; in lateral view inserted at the mid-level of the eye; arista with its longest microtrichia with similar length than its basal diameter. Thorax : (Fig. 15C ). Black with grey pollinosity, with three fine dark-brown vitta along acrostichal and dorsocentral rows of setae; anterior and posterior spiracles grey. Chaetotaxy: acr s short and strong, the anterior presutural pair shortest as the anterior presutural dorsocentral seta; dorsocentrals 1+3, eaDC is less than one third of the aDC. Katepisternum with 2-3 setulae. Wing : Tegula black. Both calypters whitish hyaline with white margins; halter yellow. Legs : Black with grey pollinosity, apex of femora yellow. Fore femur with a row of strong pd, a row of strong pv setae, and a row of av setae at basal third. Mid femur with a row of fine ventral setae, 3-4 strong setae on anterior surface, and 2 preapical setae on pd to posterior surface; mid tibia with one ad and one pd median setae, both setae with the same length and position. Hind femur with ad and av rows of setae. Fore claws and pulvilli longer than mid and hind pairs. Abdomen : (Fig. 15D ). Grey with sub-triangular lateral dark-brown marks on tergites 1+2-5 (more evident on 3-5). Tergite 6 poorly visible in dorsal view. Sternite 5 broader than long, apical margin concave, with a depressed area at the base, and without membrane; setae concentrated on the lobes and some long and strong on apical margin (Fig. 15E ). Terminalia : Cercus curved in lateral view, keels placed from distal to apical margin, wider at the base and thinner before apical tip, apical margin straight. Surstylus longer than broad, straight, barely sclerotized (Fig. 15F, G ). Hypandrium tubular, wider than long, distal extreme exposing the phapod. Aedeagus with pregt developed barely sclerotized; pgt developed; epiphalus slightly sclerotized, and distiph tubular, slightly sclerotized at base, and without fine hair on ventral surface (Fig. 15G, H ). Figure 15. Coenosia dubia , male. A Lateral view, B head, frontal view, C thorax, dorsal view, D abdomen, dorsal view, E fifth sternite, F cercus, dorsal view, G cercus, surstylus and phallic complex, lateral view, H phallic complex, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B-D), 0.02 mm (E-G), 0.1 mm (H). Female (Fig. 16A, B). Length. Body: 4.4-4.7 mm, wing: 4.10-4.33 mm. Differs from male as follows: Thorax : (Fig. 16C ). Black with grey pollinosity, with five fine dark-brown vitta along acrostichal, dorsocentral and intralars rows of setae; Ovipositor : Tergites 6, 7, and 8 with two long and wide sclerotized plates; epiproct triangular, with spine-like setae, shorter than cercus (Fig. 16E ). Sternites 6 and 7 with one long and wide plate; sternite 8 with one central plate and two small and sclerotized plates each with 4-5 setae on distal margin; hypoproct triangular, setulose, with several strong setae on distal margin (Fig. 16F ). Spermathecae (Fig. 16G ). Figure 16. Coenosia dubia , female. A Lateral view, B head, frontal view, C thorax, dorsal view, D abdomen, dorsal view, E ovipositor, dorsal view, F ovipositor, ventral view, G spermathecae. Scale bar: 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B-F), 0.1 mm (G). Type material. The type specimen is housed in Oxford University Museum of Natural History (UMO), United Kingdom. https://oumnh.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/oum-catalogue-381555. Pont (2000 :11) observed that the holotype is in very poor condition "... head, abdomen, right fore leg, right mid leg, and both hind legs missing ..." , and suggested that this species was correctly recognized by Malloch (1934 : 218). Additional material examined. ARGENTINA . - Chubut province • 36 females , 14 males ; PNLA, Arroyo Torcido ; -42.761319 , -71.750590 ; 520 m a.s.l. ; 26 Oct 2014 ; Mulieri , Patitucci & Torretta leg.; MACN • 5 males ; PNLA, Cabana La Cascada ; -42.888499 , -71.592376 ; 532 m a.s.l. ; Feb 2013 ; Mulieri , Patitucci & Olea leg.; MACN; Malaise • 2 females ; PNLA, Delta Rio Stange ; -42.873631 , -71.780310 ; 500 m a.s.l. ; 06 Feb 2013 ; Mulieri , Patitucci & Olea leg.; MACN • 1 male ; PNLA, Lago Futalaufquen ; -42.840982 , -71.632934 ; 529 m a.s.l. ; 05 Feb 2013 ; Mulieri , Patitucci & Olea leg.;MACN • 4 females , 13 males ; PNLA, Lago Verde ; -42.717506 , -71.725197 ; 539 m a.s.l. ; 24 Oct 2014 ; Mulier & Patitucci leg.; MACN • 8 females , 3 males ; PNLP, Gendarmeria II; -42.0994 , -71.6845 ; 205 m a.s.l. ; 11 Jan 2012 ; Mulieri & Patitucci leg.; MACN • 1 female , 1 male (in copula); PNLP, Intendencia , -42.085077 , -71.614662 ; 195 m a.s.l. ; 13 Jan 2011 ; Mulieri leg.; MACN • 2 females , PNLP, La Playita ; -42.099032 , -71.60742 5; 205 m a.s.l. ; 09 Jan 2012 ; Patitucci leg.; MACN • 2 females , 1 male ; PNLP, Los Hitos ; -42.097993 , -71.684775 ; 200 m a.s.l. ; 14 Jan 2011 ; Mulieri & Patitucci leg.; MACN • 104 females , 16 males ; PNLP, Rio Azul ; -42.0916 , -71.6155 ; 184 m a.s.l. ; 16-17 Jan 2011 ; Mulieri & Patitucci leg.; MACN • 3 females ; PNLP, Rio Turbio ; -42.228541 , -71.66648 2; 204 m a.s.l. ; 12 Jan 2011 ; Mulieri leg.; MACN . - Neuquen province • 2 females ; Arroyo Carreri , Ruta 13; -38.885904 , -70.433105 ; 1160 m a.s.l. ; 07 Feb 2018 ; Patitucci leg.; MACN • 3 females ; PNL, Norquinco ; -39.146931 , -71.232717 ; 1070 m a.s.l. ; 09 Jan 2013 ; Mulieri , Patitucci & Olea leg.; MACN . - Rio Negro province • 1 female , 2 males ; Bariloche ; Dec 1926 ; Shannon leg.; Malloch det.; MNRJ . Distribution (Fig. 27F). ARGENTINA: Chubut (new record), Neuquen , Rio Negro. CHILE: R. de Bio Bio, R. de los Lagos, R. Metropolitana de Santiago. Remarks. Bigot (1885) described Anthomyia dubia with only one female specimen from an unspecified location of Chile. Later, Stein (1907) observed this specimen and proposed a synonym with Coenosia mediocris Stein (1919). After that, Malloch (1934) recognized Anthomyia dubia with a large series of male and female specimens from Argentina and Chile, presented a very brief description, and considered it as part of Austrocoenosia . Later, Couri and Albuquerque (1979) included the species as part of the genus Neodexiopsis , establishing the current name. Then, Pont (2000 , 2001 ) established that Neodexiopsis mediocris Stein and Anthomyia dubia Bigot are two different species, and later ( Pont 2012 ) resolved a possible homonymy with the species Caenosia dubia Macquart, 1835. Recently, Couri and Pont (2020) presented a good redescription of the type specimens of C. mediocris . In the present study, we compared with our specimens of C. dubia and found several differences, including the coloration and the hind tibia chaetotaxy. We also found morphological and phylogenetic evidence to consider C. dubia as part of the C. argentifrons group, and revalidated the combination Coenosia dubia .