Redefinition of the genus Luciaphorus Mahunka, 1981 (Acari: Pygmephoridae) with redescription of L. perNiciosus Rack, 1983 and L. auriculariae Gao, Zou and Jiang, 1990
Author
Khaustov, Alexander A.
Author
Shentu, Hsuan
Author
Ho, Chyi-Chen
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-01-08
4369
4
536
556
journal article
31059
10.11646/zootaxa.4369.4.5
8d732279-c88a-4df5-9deb-e94e9b52407b
1175-5326
1136432
BF570667-0C6A-4D27-B831-558978A814D7
Genus
LuciaphoRus
Mahunka, 1981
Type species:
Luciaphorus hauseri
Mahunka, 1981
, by original designation.
Diagnosis
. FEMALE. BODY WELL ScLEROTIzED, OVAL. GNATHOSOMAL cAPSULE SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN ITS WIDTH, DORSALLY WITH ONE OR TWO PAIRS OF cHELIcERAL SETAE (
cha
,
chb
), SETAE
chb
VERY SHORT OR ABSENT; POSTPALPAL SETAE ABSENT; PALPS PROMINENT, WITH ONE OR TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
dFe
,
dGe
), SETA
dFe
SOMETIMES ABSENT; TIBIAL cLAW WELL DEVELOPED; PALPAL SOLENIDION VERY SMALL, AccESSORY SETIGENOUS STRUcTURE (
ass
) LARGE, TUBE-SHAPED AND cURVED. SUBcAPITULAR SETAE (
m
) PRESENT OR ABSENT. PHARYNGEAL PUMPS TRIPARTITE, SITUATED ON LONG AND THIN OESOPHAGUS; PUMP 1 BUTTERFLY-LIKE, SMOOTH, FAR SEPARATED FROM PUMP 2, PUMP 2 LARGE, OVAL, SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN STRIATED SUBREcTANGULAR PUMP 3.
GNATHOSOMA
RETRAcTABLE INSIDE ANTERIOR PART OF BODY (
FIGS. 8D
,
17D
).
GNATHOSOMA
cONNEcTED TO BODY BY UNUSUALLY LONG SOFT cUTIcLE. PRODORSUM WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (
v
1
,
v
2
,
sc
2) AND ONE PAIR OF LONG AND NARROW STIGMATA; TRIcHOBOTHRIA cLAVATE WITH cHARAcTERISTIc LONGITUDINALLY STRIATED HEAD (
FIGS. 9C
,
17F
). TRAcHEAL TRUNKS WITHOUT ScLEROTIzED SAcS. POSTERIOR PART OF PRODORSAL SHIELD cOVERING ANTERIOR PART OF TERGITE C. TERGITE C WITH TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
c
1,
c
2); TERGITE D WITH ONE PAIR OF SETAE (
d
) AND ONE PAIR OF ROUND cUPULES
ia
; TERGITE EF WITH TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
e
,
f
) AND ONE PAIR OF ROUND cUPULES
im
; TERGITE H WITH TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
h
1,
h
2) AND ONE PAIR OF ROUND cUPULES
ih
. COXAL FIELDS I WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (1
a
, 1
b,
1
c
), SETAE 1
b
BIFURcATE; cOXAL FIELDS II WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (2
a
, 2
b
, 2
c
); cOXAL FIELDS III WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (3
a
, 3
b
, 3
c
); cOXAL FIELDS IV WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (4
a
, 4
b
, 4
c
). PSEUDANAL SEGMENT WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (
ps
1-3). APODEMES 1 (AP1) WELL DEVELOPED, THIcK, APODEMES 2 (AP2) WELL DEVELOPED, JOINED WITH WELL-DEVELOPED PROSTERNAL APODEME (APPR); APPR JOINED WITH SEJUGAL APODEME (APSEJ); APODEMES 3 (AP3) INDISTINcT OR WEAKLY DEVELOPED; POSTSTERNAL APODEME (APPO) SHORT, FUSED WITH APODEMES 4 (AP4). POSTERIOR MARGIN OF POSTERIOR STERNAL PLATE ENTIRE AND cONVEX IN MIDDLE PART. GENITAL ScLERITES ABSENT. SMALL OVAL GENITAL OPENING VISIBLE NEAR ANTERIOR MARGIN OF PSEUDANAL SEGMENT. LEG
I 4
-SEGMENTED, WITH MASSIVE TIBIOTARSUS AND LARGE TARSAL cLAW. UNGUINAL SETAE FUSED TO FORM A STRUcTURE OPPOSING TARSAL cLAW, WITH DELIcATE STRIATION (
FIG. 18C
). TIBIOTARSUS WITHOUT PINNAcULUM. SETA
d
OF FEMUR I FLATTENED AND SLIGHTLY HOOKED (
FIG. 18D
). SETA
k
SMOOTH, BLUNT-ENDED. LEGS II–IV EAcH WITH PAIR OF SIMPLE HOOKED cLAWS AND FLIPPER-LIKE EMPODIUM. SETA
tc’
ON TARSI II AND III SPINE-LIKE. TIBIAE II-IV WITHOUT SOLENIDIA, BUT TIBIAE II AND III WITH PORE-LIKE STRUcTURE VISIBLE ON ITS TYPIcAL INSERTION POINT (
FIGS. 7
,
9D
). FEMORA III–IV DIVIDED INTO BASI- AND TELOFEMUR. LEG SETATION: LEG I; TR 1 (
v’
), FE 4 (
d
,
l’
,
l”
,
v”
), GE 4 (
l’
,
l”
,
v’
,
v”
), TITA 17(4) (
d
,
l’
,
l”
,
v’
,
v”
,
k
,
tc’
,
tc”
,
p’
,
p”
,
ft’
,
ft”
,
pv’
,
pv”
,
pl’
,
pl”
,
s
,
ω
1,
ω
2,
φ
1,
φ
2); LEG II: TR 1 (
v’
), FE 3 (
d, l’
,
v”
), GE 3 (
l’
,
l”
,
v’
), TI 4 (
d
,
l’
,
v’
,
v”
), TA 6(1) (
tc’
,
tc”
,
pl”
,
pv’
,
pv”
,
u’
,
ω
); LEG III: TR 1 (
v’
), FE 2 (
d
,
v’
), GE 2 (
l’
,
v’
), TI 4 (
d
,
l’
,
v’
,
v”
), TA 6 (
tc’
,
tc”
,
pl”
,
pv’
,
pv”
,
u’
); LEG IV: TR 1 (
v’
), FE 2 (
d
,
v’
), GE 1 (
v’
), TI 4 (
d
,
l’
,
v’
,
v”
), TA 6 (
pl”
,
tc’
,
tc”
,
u’
,
pv’
,
pv”
).
MALE. BODY WEAKLY ScLEROTIzED, OVAL. GNATHOSOMAL cAPSULE cOMPLETELY REDUcED AND ONLY VERY SHORT SOLENIDIA AND AccESSORY SETIGENOUS STRUcTURES LOcATED NEAR ANTERIOR MARGIN OF THE BODY (
FIG. 10B
). PRODORSUM WITH FOUR PAIRS OF SETAE (
v
1
,
v
2
,
sc
1,
sc
2). TERGITE CD WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (
c
1,
c
2,
d
) AND PAIR OF ROUND cUPULES
ia
; TERGITE EF WITH TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
e
,
f
) AND ONE PAIR OF ROUND cUPULES
im
; TERGITE H ROUND, ORIENTED VERTIcALLY, WITH TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
h
1,
h
2), USUALLY WITH LARGE ROUND DIMPLES. COXAL FIELDS I WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (1
a
, 1
b,
1
c
); cOXAL FIELDS II WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (2
a
, 2
b
, 2
c
); cOXAL FIELDS III WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (3
a
, 3
b
, 3
c
); cOXAL FIELDS IV WITH THREE PAIRS OF SETAE (4
a
, 4
b
, 4
c
). PSEUDANAL SEGMENT WITH TWO PAIRS OF SETAE (
ps
1-2). APODEMES 1 (AP1) WELL DEVELOPED, THIcK, APODEMES 2 (AP2) WELL DEVELOPED, JOINED WITH WELL-DEVELOPED PROSTERNAL APODEME (APPR); SEJUGAL APODEME (APSEJ) DEVELOPED ONLY LATERALLY; ARcUATE APODEMES 3 (AP3), STRAIGHT APODEMES 4 (AP4) AND POSTSTERNAL APODEME (APPO) WELL DEVELOPED. AEDEAGUS VERY SMALL, DIFFIcULT TO DIScERN. ALL LEGS 5-SEGMENTED. LEG I WITH ONE HOOKED SIMPLE cLAW. SETAE (
ft
) SHORT, SPINE-LIKE. TARSI II AND III WITH PAIR OF SIMPLE cLAWS AND FLIPPER-LIKE EMPODIUM. TARSUS IV WITH PAIR OF LARGE cLAWS (
FIG. 10D
), WITHOUT EMPODIUM. SETAE
pl”
,
tc’
OF TARSI II AND III,
d
OF TIBIAE II AND III, AND
l’
OF GENU AND TIBIA III SPINE-LIKE. SETA
d
OF TIBIA IV VERY SHORT, USUALLY HIDDEN UNDER LARGE TIBIAL SOLENIDION; SETAE
l’
AND
v”
OF TIBIA IV SHORT, SPINE-LIKE. LEG SETATION: LEG I; TR 1 (
v’
), FE 4 (
d
,
l’
,
l”
,
v”
), GE 4 (
l’
,
l”
,
v’
,
v”
), TI 6(2) (
d
,
l’
,
l”
,
v’
,
v”
,
k
,
φ
1,
φ
2), TA 13(2) (
tc’
,
tc”
,
p’
,
p”
,
ft’
,
ft”
,
pv’
,
pv”
,
pl’
,
pl”
,
u’
,
u”
,
s
,
ω
1,
ω
2); LEG II: TR 1 (
v’
), FE 3 (
d, l’
,
v”
), GE 3 (
l’
,
l”
,
v’
), TI 4(1) (
d
,
l’
,
v’
,
v”
,
φ
), TA 7(1) (
tc’
,
tc”
,
pl”
,
pv’
,
pv”
,
u’
,
u”
,
ω
); LEG III: TR 1 (
v’
), FE 2 (
d
,
v’
), GE 2 (
l’
,
v’
), TI 4(1) (
d
,
l’
,
v’
,
v”
,
φ
), TA 7 (
tc’
,
tc”
,
pl”
,
pv’
,
pv”
,
u’
,
u”
); LEG IV: TR 1 (
v’
), FE 2 (
d
,
v’
), GE 1 (
v’
), TI 4(1) (
d
,
l’
,
v’
,
v”
,
φ
), TA 6 (
pl”
,
tc’
,
tc”
,
u’
,
pv’
,
pv”
)
FIGURE 1
.
Luciaphorus perniciosus
Rack, 1983
, female: A—dorsum of the body, B –venter of the body. Legs omitted.
Species included.
THE GENUS
Luciaphorus
INcLUDES THREE SPEcIES,
L. auriculariae
GAO
et al
., 1990,
L. hauseri
MAHUNKA, 1981
, AND
L
.
perniciosus
RAcK, 1983
.
Distribution and habitat.
Luciaphorus hauseri
WAS REcORDED FROM A TERMITE NEST IN
ST. LUcIA
, ANTILLES, AND PHORETIc ON THE TERMITE SPEcIES
Heterotermes tenuis
(HAGEN, 1858) IN
BRAzIL
(
MAHUNKA 1981
;
COSTA-LEONARDO & SOARES 1993
);
L. perniciosus
AND
L. auriculariae
ARE IMPORTANT PESTS OF THE cULTIVATED MUSHROOM
Auricularia polytricha
IN
SOUTH-EAST
ASIA (
CHINA
,
THAILAND
) (
RAcK 1983
; GAO
et al
. 1990).
Luciaphorus perniciosus
ALSO FEEDS ON OTHER cULTIVATED MUSHROOMS LIKE
Ganoderma lucidum
(FR.),
Flammulina velutipes
KARST.,
Lentinus polychrous
LEV., AND
Lentinus squarrosulus
(MONT.) SINGE (BUSSAMAN
et al
. 2017). THE PHORETIc HOSTS OF
L. auriculariae
AND
L. perniciosus
ARE UNKNOWN.
Biology.
THE BIOLOGY OF
Luciaphorus
WAS STUDIED FOR TWO EcONOMIcALLY IMPORTANT SPEcIES,
L. perniciosus
AND
L. auriculariae
(
KANTARATANAKUL & JITRAT 1984
; ZOU
et al
. 1993). IN BOTH SPEcIES, THE LIFE cYcLE cONSIST OF TWO PHASES: EGG AND ADULTS. NO LARVAL PHASE WAS FOUND. EGGS DEVELOP AND HATcH WITHIN THE HYSTEROSOMA OF THE PHYSOGASTRIc FEMALE. MATING OccURS BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE HYSTEROSOMA OF PHYSOGASTRIc FEMALES (ZOU
et al
. 1993).