Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus Author Funez, Luís A. 0000-0002-0008-1061 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Câmpus Trindade, CEP 88040 - 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil & lfunezz @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0008 - 1061 lfunezz@gmail.com Author Hassemer, Gustavo 0000-0003-4365-6934 Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Câmpus de Três Lagoas, CEP 79613 - 000, Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil & g. hassemer @ ufms. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4365 - 6934 g.hassemer@ufms.br Author Peroni, Nivaldo 0000-0002-6770-5377 Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Câmpus Trindade, CEP 88040 - 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil & peronin @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6770 - 5377 peronin@gmail.com Author Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. 0000-0002-3702-8715 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Câmpus Trindade, CEP 88040 - 900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil & drechslersantos @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3702 - 8715 drechslersantos@yahoo.com.br text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-04-14 496 3 281 293 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.7 1179-3163 5423762 1.1. Margyricarpus lanatus Funez , sp. nov. Differs from Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) Kuntze by the hypanthium pilose, with tuberculate projections vs. glabrous with thorny projections. Type: — BRAZIL . SANTA CATARINA : Lages , BR-116, ca. 15 km em direção a Vacaria , 28 February 1996 , J . A . Jarenkow & M . Sobral 3092 ( holotype MBM-212633!; isotype FLOR-27863!). Figure 1–2 . Perennial plants 8–30 cm tall, erect, probably xylopodiferous (according to sheet annotations); stems covered by the sheathing base of the petioles; densely villose on the buds, above the sheaths, covered by long white trichomes, glabrescent on the opposite side; leaf sheaths glabrous, 6.4–7.2 mm long, with the main vein strongly impressed, stramineous, densely villous at the lateral margin and long erect cilia on the apex near the petiole insertion; petioles> 0.1 mm , glabrescent or pilose on both surfaces. Leaf blades imparipinnate, with 6–8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets 3.1–4.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm , narrow oblong, the apex acute–apiculate, and the base obtuse truncate, the margin strongly revolute, pilose on both sides, sessile; rachis 5.6–10.2 mm long, pilose. Flowers solitary and axillary. Sepals 4, green, 0.9–1.3 × 0.5–0.8 mm , broad elliptic, acute, villose, with a nervure strongly impressed on exterior surface and continues longitudinally along all hypanthium, forming 4 rows of tuberculate projections. Stamens 2, purplish, easily deciduous. Stigma flabellate. Fruits partially visible in the plant, each one covered by the hypanthium, 3.3–4.7 × 1.7–2.1 mm , densely villose between the tubercles, greenish in vivo (according to field annotations), endocarp ovoid, with four longitudinal rows of tuberculate projections of 0.3–0.4 mm long, the apical ones smaller than basal, the basal portion forming a narrow beak of 0.8–1.2 mm long. FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Margyricarpus lanatus (green dot) and M. microcarpus (red dot). Etymology: —The specific epithet makes reference to the woolly aspect of this species. Distribution and habitat: —Known only from the type , collected in Lages municipality, Santa Catarina state , southern Brazil ( Figure 3 ). This species occurs in high-elevation grasslands. Conservation status: — Critically Endangered ( CR — B1,2 :a,b[iii,v]), according to the IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2012 , 2019 ). This species is known by the type locality, and only an old collection is known. This species does not occur in any conservation unit. The high-elevation grasslands of Lages region has been experiencing a disorderly and heavy rate of urbanization, as well as the remnants areas are being converted into agriculture or forestry at an extremely fast pace . Notes: —This species differs from M. pinnatus due the wooly stems, leaves, tepals and hypanthium vs. glabrous to glabrescent stems and leaves, and glabrous tepals and hypanthium. Another feature is the shape of the fruit, with rounded-tuberculate ornamentation vs. longitudinal rows of thorny curved projections of 0.4–0.8 mm long. According to field annotations on the label of the holotype of M. lanatus , the fruits are green vs. white to pink fruits in M. pinnatus .