First record of the rare genus Typhrasa (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from China with description of two new species Author Wang, Sheng-Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-271X Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resource; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China Author Hu *, Ya-Ping Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / State Environmental Protection Scient-ific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Wuyi Mountains 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China Author Chen, Jun-Liang Science and Technology Research Center of Edible Fungi, Qingyuan, Zhejiang, 323800, China Author Qi, Liang-Liang Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China Author Zeng, Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-844X Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Breeding & Cultivation of Features Edible Fungi, Fuzhou 350014, China Author Ding, Hui Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment / State Environmental Protection Scient-ific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Wuyi Mountains 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China Author Huo, Guang-Hua Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resource; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China Author Zhang, Lin-Ping Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resource; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China Author Chen, Fu-Sheng Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resource; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China chenfush@hotmail.com Author Yan, Jun-Qing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-5171 Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resource; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China yanjunqing1990@126.com text MycoKeys 2021 2021-04-23 79 119 128 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.79.63700 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.79.63700 1314-4049-79-119 972B8829EFEF56E786FBF83233B3C708 Typhrasa polycystis J.Q Yan & S.N. Wang sp. nov. Fig. 2 Diagnosis. Differs from Typhrasa gossypina by its smaller spores (7.1-8.2 x 4.3-5.1 μm ). Holotype. China. Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, 25 June 2020, Jun-Qing Yan, HFJAU1454. Etymology. Referring to the characteristics of the pleurocystidia. Description. Pileus 20-35 mm, extending hemispherically to expanded, plane with or without umbo, surface with slightly ridge-like folds or smooth, hygrophanous, brown (7D6-7C6), pale brown (6B6-6C6) at the margin. Veil distinct, fibrous or fluffy, white (7C1), markedly appendiculate at margin, falling off easily. Context thin and fragile, hygrophanous at pileus, about 3.0 mm at the centre. Gills 4.0-5.0 mm broad, moderately close, pale cinnamon (6C6-6D5) with a white (6C1) edge, adnexed. Stipe 30-45 mm long, 5.0-8.0 mm thick, white (6C1), hollow, pulverulent at apex, with fibrils and fluffy from pellicular veil remnants below, falling off easily. Spores (6.9)7.1-8.2 x (4.2)4.3-5.1(5.2) μm , Q = (1.4)1.5-1.8(1.9), ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, profile flattened on one side, 4.1-5.0(5.2) μm broad, smooth, reddish-brown (8C5-8C6) in water, yellow-brown (7D6-7D7) in 5% KOH or 10% NH3·H2O, becoming darker (7E4-7F4) in 5% KOH, germ pore small and indistinct, 1-2 guttulate, inamyloid. Basidia 21-24 x 7.5-8.5 μm , 4-spored, clavate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 55-81(87) x 11-17(18) μm , variously shaped, often fusiform and lageniform, with rostrum; rarely fusiform with subacute to acute apex or cystiform with rostrum, with one or two large internal oily drops, oily drops colourless and distinct or indistinct in 5% KOH, glassy-yellow (5B6-5B7) and very distinct in Melzer's Reagent. Cheilocystidia (24)30-54(58) x (9)10-15(16) μm , similar to pleurocystidia, abundant, rarely mixed with pyriform or clavate cells. Trama of gills consisting of parallel hyphae. Pileipellis a 2-3 cells deep layer of subglobose or pyriform cells which are 24-36 μm wide. Veil composed of hyphae 6.5-14.5 μm-broad , thin-walled and fawn (5A2-A3) hyphae in 5% KOH. Clamps present in trama of gills, hyphae of stipe and at the base of the basidia and cystidia. Ecology and distribution. Saprotrophic, solitary to slightly caespitose on rotten hard wood or humus in mixed forests. Other specimens examined. China . Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve , Jiangxi Province , 28 May 2018 , Guang-Hua Huo , Lin-Ping Zhang , HFJAU1349. Wuyishan National Nature Reserve , Fujian Province , 27.748888°N , 117.7625°E , 761 alt., 12 June 2020 , Liangliang Qi, Yupeng Ge, HFJAU1520, HMJAU58461 . Figure 2. Basidiomata and microscopic features of Typhrasa polycystis a-c basidiomata d basidiospores e basidia f pleurocystidia g cheilocystidia. Scale bars: 20 mm ( a-c ); 10 μm ( d-g ).