Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution Author Shimizu, So Author Watanabe, Kyohei Author Maeto, Kaoru text Zootaxa 2016 4144 1 71 88 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3 433d1aba-ed15-410f-998d-6cbd508e7ac8 1175-5326 266129 86080FA4-EFDD-443B-A673-B455C665D003 Genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 Leptophion Cameron, 1901 : 227 . Type species: Leptophion longiventris Cameron , by monotypy. Spilophion Cameron, 1905 : 124 . Type species: Spilophion maculipennis Cameron , by monotypy. Synonymized by Townes et al . (1961 : 265 ). Coiloneura Szépligeti, 1905 : 35. Type species: Coiloneura melanostigma Szépligeti , by subsequent designation. Synonymized by Cushman (1947: 462) . Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other genera of Ophioninae by the following combination of character states: (1) mandible not twisted, barely tapered, with symmetric teeth or upper tooth slightly longer than lower one, usually with a swelling and oblique groove on its basal surface ( Figs 1 , 8, 10 , 16, 18 , 25, 27 ); (2) in lateral view, clypeus strongly convex, its lower part abruptly strongly curved backward ( Figs 10 , 18 , 27 ) and in frontal profile its lower margin nearly straight ( Figs 1 , 8 , 16 , 25 ); (3) occipital carina complete except for lower end absent and not joined to hypostomal carina and base of mandible ( Figs 9, 10 , 17, 18 , 26, 27 ); (4) ocelli large and posterior ones adjacent with eyes ( Figs 1 , 8–10 , 16–18 , 25–27 ); (5) posterior transverse carina on mesosternum complete, rarely interrupted in a few Australasian species (i.e., L . anici Gauld, 1977 , and L . antennatus (Morley, 1912)) ; (6) notauli faintly present as vestiges or completely absent ( Figs 11 , 19 , 28 ); (7) epicnemial carina on mesopleuron present and its upper end reaching above level of lower margin of pronotum ( Figs 11 , 19 , 28 ); (8) anterior transverse carina on propodeum developed but in a few species its outer end absent ( Figs 11, 12 , 19, 20 , 28, 29 ); (9) posterior transverse carina on propodeum virtually absent but often with vestiges laterally ( Figs 11, 12 , 19, 20 , 28, 29 ); (10) fore wing with a glabrous area on anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell, and virtually all species without sclerites there, except for a Filipino species, L . pterospilus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 , which has a distinct sclerite; (11) 1m-cu on fore wing sinuous or curved, usually without ramellus ( Figs 2 , 32–34 ); (12) hind wing usually with an apparently elongated penultimate hamulus on R1 ( Fig. 13 ), while occasionally with uniform hamuli ( Figs 21 , 30 ); (13) tibial spur of fore leg without a membranous flange; (14) mid and hind trochanters simple; and (15) distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than true apex of claw ( Figs 14 , 22 , 31 ). Distribution . Australasian, Oceanic, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions ( Gauld 1977 ; Gauld & Mitchell 1981 ; Shimizu & Watanabe 2015a ). Bionomics. Host is unknown. Adult wasps are often collected in LT in rainforests. Remarks. Most Leptophion species are known from the Australasian region while only a few species are distributed in the Oceanic and Oriental regions and the southeastern part of the Palaearctic region. In Taiwan, three species (i.e., L . maculipennis of the maculipennis species-complex, and L . radiatus and L . giganteus Shimizu & Watanabe , sp. nov. , both of which belong to the radiatus species-complex) are found ( Gauld & Mitchell 1981 ; Shimizu & Watanabe 2015a , b ) and they can easily be distinguished from each other by the following key.