Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan Author Iwamoto, Tomio Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Author Nakayama, Naohide Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2 - 5 - 1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780 - 8073, Japan; Author Shao, Kwang-Tsao Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Author Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho text Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2015 2015-04-15 62 3 31 126 journal article 299670 10.5281/zenodo.11512126 522b8de7-880d-40ca-803e-aa5a3a05c5f6 0068-547X 11512126 Hymenocephalus lethonemus Jordan and Gilbert 1904 Hymenocephalus lethonemus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904:615, text-fig. ( holotype , USNM 50936; Sagami Bay, Japan , 120–265 fm [ 219–485 m ]; paratypes , CAS-SU 8641 [ 3 spec. ], USNM 51455 [ 3 spec. ]).— Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916:188–189 ( 22 spec. , s. Japan , East China Sea, 197–440 fm [ 360–805 m ]).— Okamura, 1970:54–56 , pl. II, text-fig. 23 ( 83 spec. , 85–140 mm TL; e. coast of s. Japan ).— Yatou in Okamura et al., 1982:143 , 347, fig. 87 (p. 142) ( 7 spec. , 175. 5–233 mm TL; Kyushu-Palau Ridge).— Okamura in Masuda et al., 1984:94 , pl. 80–G (compiled).— Okamura in Okamura and Kitajima, 1984:201, 358, fig. 142 (p. 200) ( 8 spec. , 148–180 mm TL; East China Sea [Okinawa Trough]; 570–810 m ).— Chiou et al., 2004b:44 , fig. 12 ( 13 spec. , ne. Taiwan) .— Shao et al., 2008 : table 2 ( 21 spec. , Taiwan [ NET , SWT , SCS ], 441–1040 m ). MATERIAL EXAMINED ( 36 spec. ).— NET : ASIZP 61231 (1, 126 TL), Da-xi ; ASZIP 64270 (2, 105+-108+ TL), CP 234, 547 m ; ASZIP 66974 (12, 112–124 TL), Da-xi . SWT : ASIZP 65561 (1, 120+ TL) and ASIZP 65611 (1, 115 TL), CD 203, 634– 866 m ; ASIZP 65598 (3, 120–155 TL), CD 138, 441 m ; ASIZP 65604 (1, 133 TL) and ASIZP 66946 (1, 330 TL), CD 134, 736– 1040 m ; ASIZP 66731 (1, 97 TL), OCP 317, 515 m ; ASIZP 66871 (5, 43–68 TL), OCP 312, 517 m ; ASIZP 66872 (1, 78 TL), CD 311, 516 m ; ASIZP 66873 (4, 50–80+ TL), OCP 313, 516 m ; ASIZP 67582 (2, 75+-95+ TL), CP 348, 395 m. Other specimens: ASIZP 67976 (1, 151 TL), Aurora . DISTINGUISHING FEATURES .— 1D II 9–11; P i13–i16; V 11 (rarely12); inner GR-I 21–25 total; pyl. caeca 11–16. Head about 5–6 in TL; body depth about 8.0–9.5 TL. Snout high, pointed; mouth large, upper jaw extending posteriorly to below hind margin of orbit; barbel absent; gill openings wide, gill membrane free over isthmus; outer gill slit about as wide as orbit. Attains about 180 mm TL. (Compiled from Okamura [1970] and Gilbert and Hubbs [1916]). DISTRIBUTION .— Pacific coast of s. Japan , East China Sea off Kyushu Is., Japan , and Taiwan ( NET , SWT , SCS ), in 360–1040 m . REMARKS .— Okamura (1970:56) noted that among members of Hymenocephalus , this is the deepest-occurring in Japan .