Asturodes Amsel (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Three New Species From The Western Hemisphere And Food Plant Records From Area De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica Author Solis, M. Alma Author Rodríguez, Eugenie Phillips- Author Hallwachs, Winnie Author Dapkey, Tanya Author Janzen, Daniel H. text Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 2020 2020-02-29 122 1 147 171 journal article 10.4289/0013-8797.122.1.147 5b53b2fd-98cb-4450-96cc-b8e26c1e093f 3724748 Asturodes fimbriauralis Guenée ( Figs. 2, 5, 6 , 9 , 14‒15 , 21 , 25–26 ) Diagnosis.—Forewing with a “C” pattern on both sides of M 2 near outer margin with a dark brown line to reniform spot; reniform spot with three dark brown circles ( Figs. 2 , 9 ); male genitalia with uncus tip round ( Fig. 14 ); female genitalia with signa on corpus bursae a small circle ( Fig. 21 ). Description.—Adult. Head : Vertex with upright yellow scales with mostly dark brown scales on posterior side of and behind scape. Proboscis with yellow scales basally, becoming dark brown as proboscis curves under. Labial palpus ( Fig. 6 ) with first and second segments yellow, with dark band anteriorly across entire width. Thorax: Average forewing length 10.7 mm (n = 10) in males, 9.8 mm (n = 10) in females. Forewing pattern as in Figures 2 and 9 , a “C” pattern on both sides of M 2 near outer margin ( Fig. 9 , see red circle), connected with a dark brown band to reniform spot with three dark brown circles; no dark brown markings in radial area between reniform spot and postmedial line; first lengthwise line of zigzag between Rs 3 and Rs 4 broad; second lengthwise line of zigzag between Rs 4 and M Figs. 12–19. Asturodes male genitalia and phallus. 12–13, A. junkoshimurae , USNM slide #115489. 14–15, A. fimbriauralis , USNM slide #115491. 16–17, A. bioalfae , USNM slide #115493. 18-19, A. encisoensis , USNM slide #115502, #115504. Figs. 20–23. Asturodes female genitalia. 20, A. junkoshimurae , USNM slide #115488. 21, A. fimbriauralis , USNM slide #115490. 22, A. bioalfae , USNM slide #115492. 23, A. encisoensis , USNM slide #115503. 3 / 1 4 as long as first lengthwise line; antemedial line complete. Abdomen : Third and fourth tergite dark brown anteriorly, spot anteromedially, triangles laterally; fifth tergite with silver transverse band posteriorly and two triangles lateromedially ( Fig. 2 ). Male genitalia ( Figs. 14–15 ) uncus with very short, lateral setae; uncus tip not prominent. Androconial organ on parateguminal sclerite oblong, ear-shaped ( Fig. 25–26 ) with petaloid ( ps ) and filiform scales ( fs ). Valva with fibula, or sclerotized, thin, finger-like process only slightly extending beyond saccular margin, sclerotized from saccular margin to center of valva. Juxta medially with a single rod-like structure perpendicular to another rod-like structure. Phallus with vesica proximally covered with two prominent lines of spinules, without large spines. Female genitalia ( Fig. 21 ) ductus bursae with a square-like antrum about 2 mm in width, followed by a lightly sclerotized band and two triangular sclerotized structures within that are wider than the band, remainder membranous, almost same width to corpus bursae. Corpus bursae membranous, oval, signum small, round. Ductus seminalis originating about halfway between ostium bursae and corpus bursae. Figs. 24–30. Asturodes wing venation and androconial organs. 24, Male venation, USNM wing slide #115728. 25, Genitalic slide preparation with petaloid scales ( ps ), filiform scales ( fs ), and parateguminal sclerite ( pts ). 26, Magnified androconial organ, parateguminal sclerite ( pts ). 27, Dorsal view of androconial organs, uncus base ( ub ). 28, Anal view of genitalia and androconial organs, uncus head ( uh ), valva ( v ). 29, Ventral view of androconial organs. 30, Lateral view of androconial organs. Type Material.— HOLOTYPE : Brazil ( BMNH ) [examined] ( Fig. 5 ). Material examined.— BRAZIL : 1♀ , Parana , F. Johnson , [USNMENT01116063]; 1♀ , Rondonia , 62 km S Arquemes , 165 m Faz. Rancho Grande , 10 ° 32 ̍ S , 62 ° 48 ̍ W , 27.VIII– 8. IX.1994 , R . Leuschner . COSTA RICA : Alajuela , Area de Conservación Guanacaste : 2♀♀ , Sector Rincon Rain Forest , Estación Caribe , 415 m , 10.90187 , -85.27495 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 25. IX. 2009 , coll. 8. IX. 2009 , 09-SRNP-42469 [USNMENT01469974], 09-SRNP-42470 [USNMENT01469977]; 1 ♂ , ecl. 22. III. 2010 , coll. 8. III. 2010 , 10-SRNP-40826 [USNMENT01462885]; 3 ♂♂ , Jacobo , 461 m , 10.94076 , -85.3177 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 1. X. 2009 , coll. 18. IX. 2009 [USNMENT01462889]; ecl. 18. V. 2012 , coll. 1. V. 2012 [USNMENT01462891]; ecl. 18. VI. 2012 , coll. 3. VI. 2012 [ USN MENT 01462892 ]. Puente Rio Negro , 340 m , 10.90376 , -85.30274 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 23. V. 2010 , coll. 11. V. 2010 , 10-SRNP- 41767 [USNMENT01469969]. 2 ♂♂ , Quebrada Escondida , 420 m , 10.89928 , -85.27486 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 11. III. 2010 , coll. 18. II. 2010 , 10-SRNP-40653 [ USN- MENT 01469949 ]; ecl. 14. VIII. 2010 , coll. 8. VII. 2010 , 10-SRNP-42506 [USNMENT- 01462894]. 4♀♀ , 2 ♂♂ , Rio Blanco Abajo , 500 m , 10.90037 , 85.37254 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 19. VII. 2000 , coll. 4. VII. 2000 , 00-SRNP-11840 [USNMENT01469963]; ecl. 23. VII. 2000 , coll. 4. VII. 2000 , 00- SRNP-11843 [USNMENT01469966]; ecl. 31. VII. 2000 , coll. 15. VII. 2000 , 00-SRNP- 11997 [USNMENT01462890]; ecl. 7. III. 2002 , coll. 14. II. 2002 , 02-SRNP-962 [ US NMENT 01462888 ]; ecl. 2. XI. 2009 , coll. 12. X. 2009 , 09-SRNP-5316 [USNMENT- 01469954]; ecl. 29. XI. 2009 , coll. 16. XI. 2009 , 09-SRNP-6020 [USNMENT0146- 9953]; 1♀ , San Lucas , 320 m , 10.91847 , 85.30338 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 11. XI. 2009 , coll. 28. X. 2009 , 09-SRNP-43102 [ USN- MENT 01469952 ]; 2♀♀ , Sendero Anonas , 405 m , 10.90528 , 85.27882 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 25. VI. 2010 , coll. 7. VI. 2010 , 10- SRNP-42102 [USNMENT01469961]; ecl. 28. I. 2001 , coll. 11. I. 2001 , 01-SRNP-4057 [USNMENT01469979]. 1♀ , 3 ♂♂ , Sendero Juntas , 400 m , 10.90661 , -85.28784 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 1. VII. 2007 , coll. 12. VI. 2007 , 07-SRNP-41680 [USNMENT01462893]; ecl. 11. III. 2010 , coll. 23. II. 2010 , 10-SRNP- 40700 [USNMENT01469971]; ecl. 14. III. 2010 , coll. 23. II. 2010 , USNM slide # 1154 9110-SRNP-40703 [USNMENT01462903]; ecl. 10. VII. 2005 , coll. 25. VI. 2005 , USNM slide #115728, 05-SRNP-41655 [USNMENT01462897]; 1 ♂ , 1♀ , Above El Gavilan , N. slope of Volcan Rincon de La Vieja , Las Bromelias lodge, 4‒ 7. IX. 2005 , App. 800 m . , A. Sourakov [ MGCL ]; 5 ♂♂ , 2♀♀ , Bosque Nuevo , 5 km E . Santa Cecilia , 11 ° 03.165 ̎ N 85 ° 21.283 ̍ W , 18 ‒ 20. VI. 2005 , A. Sourakov [ MGCL ]; 2 ♂♂ , Volcan Rincon de la Vieja , Las Bromelias , 13– 16. IX. 2009 , A. Sourakov [ MGCL ]; Alajuela : 1♀ , Upala , Estación San Gerardo , 550 m , 17‒ 21. VII. 2005 , J. B. Sullivan , B. Espinosa , UV trap & sheet [USNMENT01469944]; San Jose : 1♂ , San Jose , 4000 ft , XI. 1906 , W. Schaus [USNMENT01116034]; Guanacaste : 1♂ , Bullas , 440 m , 10.9867 , 85.38503 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 4. VIII. 2009 , coll. 22. VII. 2009 , 09-SRNP-71447 [ USN- MENT01462884 ]; 1♀ , Charia , 530 m , 10.99339 , 85.40271 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 7. VIII. 2009 , coll. 20. VII. 2009 , 09- SRNP-71434 [USNMENT01469951]; 1♂ , Estación Quica , 470 m , 10.99697 , -85.39666 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 7. VII. 2009 , coll. 2. VI. 2009 , 09-SRNP-70692 [ USN- MENT01469959 ]; 1♀ , Ingas , 580 m , 11.00311 , 85.42041 , ecl. 2. III. 2004 , coll. 13. II. 2004 , USNM slide #115727, 04- SRNP-30695 [USNMENT01462896]; 4♀♀ , Monte Cristo , 525m , 11.01373, Long . -85.42531, fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 21. VII. 2009 , coll. 3. VII. 2009 , 09-SRNP- 21831 [USNMENT01469968]; ecl. 18. VII. 2009 , coll. 3. VII. 2009 , 09-SRNP- 21835 [USNMENT01469956]; ecl. 21. VII. 2009 , coll. 3. VII. 2009 , 09-SRNP- 21840 [USNMENT01469958]; ecl. 21. VII. 2009 , coll. 3. VII. 2009 , 09-SRNP- 21843 [USNMENT01469973]; 2♀♀ , 2♂♂ , Pasmompa , 440 m , 11.01926 , -85. 40997 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 30. VI. 2009 , coll. 17. VI. 2009 , 09-SRNP-31996 [ USN- MENT01469972 ]; ecl. 10.VII.2009 , coll. 17.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP-31997 [ USN- MENT01469978 ]; ecl. 5.VII.2009 , coll. 17.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP-31999 [ USN- MENT01469948 ]; ecl. 28.II.2007 , coll. 3.II.2007 , USNM slide #115632, 07- SRNP-31104 [USNMENT01469947]; 4♀♀ , 2♂♂ , Puente Mena , 280m , 11. 04562 , 85.45742 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 29.VI.2009 , coll. 11.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP- 21396 [USNMENT01469957]; ecl. 30. VI.2009 , coll. 11.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP- 21 397 [USNMENT01469964]; ecl. 23. VI.2009 , coll. 11.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP-21398 [USNMENT01462887]; ecl. 26.VI.2009 , coll. 11.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP-21399 [ USN- MENT01469962 ]; ecl. 2.VII.2009 , coll. 11.VI.2009 , 09-SRNP-21409 [ USN- MENT01462904 ]; ecl. 29.IX.2009 , coll. 11.VI.2009 , USNM slide #115490, 09- SRNP-21426 [USNMENT01462904]; 1♀ , Sendero Paleta , 570 m , 11.00434 , -85. 41646 , fp: C. spinosa , ecl. 22.IV.2004 , coll. 6.III.2004 , 04-SRNP-31090 [USNMENT- 01469967]; 1♂ , El Bosque Nuevo , Santa Cecilia , 22.VI.1905 , D.S. Lewis [MG- CL]; Costa Rica Oeste : 1♂ , Guapiles , 850 ft , V.1907 , W. Schaus [USNMENT01- 116029]; 1♂ , II.1907 , [USNMENT01- 116035]; 1♀ , Juan Vinas , no date, W. Schaus [USNMENT01116030]; 1♀ , no date, Schaus and Barnes [USNMENT0- 1116032]; 1♀ , Banana River , III.1907 , W. Schaus [USNMENT01116031]; Limón : 1♂ , Veragua Rainforest Campamiento , -83.1129 W , 9.5532 N , 400-500m , 12‒ 15.III. 2010 , J.B. Sullivan , UV trap [ USN- MENT01116033 ]; 1♀ , Hitoy Cerere Reserve , -83.015w , 9.404N , 354 ̍ , 1‒4.VII. 2008 , J.B. Sullivan , UV trap, sheet, [USNMENT01116048]; 1♂ , Six [a]ola River , IX, Schaus and Barnes [ USN- MENT01116042 ]; 1♀ , NW Guapiles , Rio Blanco , 11.III. 86 , G. and A. Austin [ MGCL ]; Heredia : 1♀ , 11 km ESE La Virgen , 84 ° 03 ̍ W , 10 ° 21 ̍ N , 250–350m , 8.IV.2004 , D. R . Davis , InBio-OET-ALAS transect, Estación Cartagena , @ light sheet [USNMENT01116037]; 1♀ , El Ceibo , 10 km SE La Virgen , 84 ° 05 ̍ W , 10 ° 20 ̍ N , 450‒550 m , D. R . and M.M. Davis , primary forest, trap 05/L/00/057, INBio-OET-ALAS, 11.IV.2003 [ USN- MENT01116036 ]; 1♀ , 9.IV.2003 [ USN- MENT01116038 ]; 1♀ , 11.IV.2003 [USNMENT01116039]; 1♂ , 11.IV.2003 [USNMENT01116040]; 1♂ , 3♀ , Chilamate , 100 m , 11.VIII.1986 , C. V . Covell, Jr. [USNMENT01116041, USN- MENT01469938 , USNMENT01469939, USNMENT01469943]; 1♀ , Chilamate , 7.IX.1988 , C. V . Covell, Jr. [ MHNG ]; 1♀ , Finca Holbrook, Silva Verde nr. Chilamate , 84 ° 05 ̍ W , 10 ° 27 ̍ N , 500 ft , 24–26.IX.1986 , Gaskin , GC:20,327c [USNMENT01116044]; 1♀ , GC:20,327d [USNMENT01116045]; 1♂ , GC:20,327 [USNMENT01116046]; 1♀ , Puerto Viejo , light on sheet behind Hotel Bambu , 12 V , J.D. Hedbor [ MGCL ]; Cartago : 1♀ , Turrialba , 27.I.1970 , Colubrina , Pupated : 31.I.70 ; ecl. 9.II.70 [USNMENT01116047]; 1♀ , Colubrina , Pupated : 26-I-70 , ecl. 6.II.70 [USNMENT01116049]; 1♂ , Tuis , no date, W. Schaus [USNMENT01116043]. Puntarenas : 1♂ , 1♀ , Finca Selva Verde , 2.IX.88 ; 2.IX.88 , L. Kasarov [ MGCL ]; 1♀ , Monteverde , 5.IX.1988 , C. V . Covell, Jr. [ MGCL ]; 1♀ , Puntarenas , Monteverde , 16.IX.1986 , G. and A. Austin [ MGCL ]. CUBA : 1♂ , 1♀ , Santiago , no date, W. Schaus [USNMENT01116050, USNMENT01116051]; 1♂ , Matanzas , Cienaga Zapata , nr. Playa Largo , 3 m , 10–11.II.1981 , D. R . Davis [USNMENT- 01116053]; 1♂ , San Blas, Sta. Clara , X.1931 , G. C. Rowe , Ento No 10075 [USNMENT01116052]; 1♀ , S[an]tiago, Turguino , 470 m , 27.VII.1990 , V . O. Becker , Co. Becker 73256 [USNMENT- 01116064]. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC : La Vega : 1♂ , vic. Jarabaccoa , 28.VI. 1981 , C. V . Covell, Jr. [USNMENT- 01469941]; Barahona : 1♂ , nr. Filipinas , Larimar Mine , at light, 26.VI‒7.VII. 1992 , R . E. Woodruff , P.E. Skelley [ MGCL ]; 1♂ , nr. Filipinas , Larimar Mine , mercury vap. Light , 11.VI. VII-1993 , R . E. Woodruff , diss #02810 [ MGCL ]. ECUADOR : Napo : 1♂ , Yasuni Research Station , Rios Tivacuso & Tiputini , 0 ° 38 ̍ S , 76 ° 30 ̍ W , 250 m , 18‒23.X.1998 , C. V . Covell, Jr. , at lights [USNMENT- 01116028]. JAMAICA : St. Catherine Parrish : 1♀ , Worthy Park Est. , 9‒19.XI. 1968 , R . E. Woodruff , Blacklight Trap [USNMENT01116054]. NICARAGUA : Chontales : 1♂ , Pte. Quinama E. Villa Somoza , 29.VII.1967 , O.S. Flint , Jr. [USNMENT01116027]; Jinotega : 1♀ , El Jaguar Pl [a]nt[atio]n, 86.05 ° W , 12.24 ° N , 4200 ft , 3‒8.XII.2005 , D. Marqua [ MGCL ]. PANAMA : Canal Zone : 1♂ , 1♀ , Corozal, C.E. Crafts , XI.1912 [USNMENT01116018, USN- MENT01116020 ]; 1♀ , Barro Colorado Isl [and], 22.III.1978 , Silberglied and Aiello , at light [USNMENT01116021]; 1♂ , 3.IV.1978 [USNMENT01116022]; 1♀ , Madden Dam , 10‒13.VII.1967 , O.S. Flint , Jr. [USNMENT01116024]; Panamá Oeste : 1♂ , La Chorrera, A. Busck , V.1912 [USNMENT01116019]; Capiro: 1♀ , Rio Trinidad , 1‒10.VI.1912 , A. Busck [USNMENT01116023]; Unknown province: 1♀ , La Couna [sic?], 5 km from Pan Am Hwy, MV and black light, 24.IX.1982 , D.H. Habeck ( MGCL ). PERU : Chanchamayo : 1♂ , no date, Dognin , [USNMENT01116025]; Loreto : 1♂ , Callicebus Res. Station Mishana , Rio Nanay , 25 km SW Iquitos , 120 m , 10‒ 17.I.1980 , J.B. Heppner , tropical wet forest [USNMENT01116026]. Puerto Rico : 4♀♀ , Quebradilias , 17.XI.1940 , L.F. Martorell , P. R . Acc. No. 778-40, Larvae leaf-rollers on C. colubrina [USNMENT01116055, USNMENT01116056, USNMENT01116057, USNMENT01116058]; 1♂ , Guajataca Forest , Isabella , 22.VII.1955 , Ramos and Maldonado , collected at light [USNMENT01116059]; 2♂♂ , Reserva Forestal Guajataca , 360 m , 18‒28.III.1971 , C.P. Kimball [USNMENT01116060, USNMENT01116061]; 1♂ , 1‒13.IV. 1971 [USNMENT01116062]. VENEZUELA : Anzoátegui : 2♀♀ , San Esteban Valley , Las Quiguas [USNMENT01469988, USNMENT01469990]. Distribution.—Broadly distributed from Brazil to Nicaragua ; in the Caribbean it has been collected in Cuba , Dominican Republic, Jamaica , and Puerto Rico , but probably occurs on other islands. Recently, this species has been collected as far north as Monroe County, Florida , United States ( Hayden 2017 ). Biological remarks.—Wild-collected larvae have been found only on the leaves of Colubrina spinosa Donn. Sm. in Costa Rica (DHJ and WH), with 655 larval rearing records ( Janzen and Hallwachs 2019 ). From the literature and USNM specimens, this species has been reared only from Colubrina ( Rhamnaceae ) in Puerto Rico : “Reared from leaves [of Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. ] mined by caterpillars of this species collected at Guajataca and San Sebastián , Oct. to Dec.1940 , at 15 to 450 feet altitude ( Martorell 1945 , 1976 ; Wolcott 1951 ).” Host plant data in the USNM collection are four voucher specimens collected by Martorell (1945) that have the following label: “Larvae a leaf-roller on Colubrina colubrina .” and other specimens from Costa Rica with labels “ Colubrina sp.” (see Material Examined for this species).