A new Hasemania Ellis from the upper rio Paraná basin, with the redescription of Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry (Characiformes: Characidae)
Author
Serra, Jane Piton
Author
Langeani, Francisco
text
Neotropical Ichthyology
2015
Neotrop. Ichthyol.
2015-08-25
13
3
479
486
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140107
journal article
10.1590/1982-0224-20140107
43176a74-35a1-4374-be20-746db4adcbf9
1982-0224
4551414
Hasemania uberaba
,
new species
u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k.o r g:a c t:
5515B2 2 2-B 4F3- 4 858-A B31- 903B44F7F508
Figs. 1-3
Hasemania crenuchoides
non
Zarske
&
Géry
, 1999:
Langeani
et al
., 2007
(119: fig. 1; 119 and 120:
rio Grande
basin; 121: morphometrics and meristics comparisons with
H
.
crenuchoides
holotype
(
MZUSP 52723
) and two
paratypes
(
MHNG 2594.044
).
Hasemania melanura
non
Ellis, 1911
:
Uieda
et al
., 1987
(rio Claro, rio Paranaíba basin; 101: fig. 2A; 102: reference; 107: tab. IV and 108: tab. V, stomach contents).
Holotype
.
DZSJRP 18781
, male,
70 mm
SL,
Brazil
,
Minas Gerais
,
Ponte Alta
,
Serra do Grotão
, road
BR 262
, headwaters of
rio Uberaba
, córrego
São Pedro
,
rio Grande
basin, upper rio
Paraná
,
1020 m
a.s.l.
,
19
o
40’59”S
47
o
40’09”W
,
15 Feb 2013
,
D. C. Ribeiro.
Paratypes
.
DZSJRP 8730
,
133
(4 c&s),
29.6-62.4 mm
SL,
30.9-43.8 mm
SL, same locality as holotype,
8 Sep 2006
,
F. Langeani
,
J. P. Serra-Sanches
, F
.
R
.
Carvalho, H. F
.
Chaves, C. P
.
Ferreira
& F. O.
Martins
.
DZSJRP 15803
,
66
,
14.2- 52.4 mm
SL, same locality as holotype,
11 Mar 2012
,
F. Langeani
,
F. O. Martins
& F
.
R
.
Carvalho
.
DZSJRP 19239
,
5
,
33.9-54.1 mm
SL, collected with the
holotype
.
Diagnosis.
Hasemania uberaba
is distinguished from congeners by having a black, vertically-elongate humeral spot (
vs
. spot absent except for
H. crenuchoides
,
H. kalunga
,
H. nambiquara
, and
H. piatan
), a single ossification in the position primitively occupied by infraorbitals four and five (
vs
. infraorbitals four and five separate, except in
H. kalunga
and
H. piatan
), 4 inner row premaxillary teeth (
vs
. 5 except in
H. nana
,
H. melanura
, and
H. piatan
), and scales covering the anal-fin base (
vs
. scales absent except in
H. crenuchoides
,
H. hanseni
,
H. maxillaris
,
H. melanura
,
H. nambiquara
, and
H. nana
).
Hasemania uberaba
can be also distinguished from
H
.
kalunga
and
H. piatan
by having 14- 18 circumpeduncular scales (
vs
. 10-12); from
H. hanseni
,
H. maxillaris
, and
H. nambiquara
by having 10-15 branched anal-fin rays (
vs.
16-19); from
H. hanseni
,
H. melanura
, and
H. nana
by having 6-10 scales covering the anal-fin base (
vs
. 2-5), and from
H. maxillaris
and
H. nambiquara
by having 7-8 branched dorsal-fin rays (
vs
. 9). Additionally,
H. uberaba
differs from
H. melanura
by having maxillary teeth (
vs
. absent); from
H. maxillaris
by having, 6-7 branched pelvicfin rays (
vs
. 5), from
H. nambiquara
by the absence of a broad black band in the midlateral line, from the humeral region to the caudal-fin (
vs
. presence of such band). Finally, most specimens of
H
.
uberaba
have 18 principal caudal-fin rays (
vs
.
19 in
most other species except
H
.
piatan
).
Description.
Morphometric data in
Table 1
. Body deep and transversely rounded; greatest body depth between tip of supraoccipital spine and dorsal-fin origin. Head moderately deep, rounded anteriorly in lateral profile; eye small. Dorsal profile of head distinctly convex from margin of upper lip to region of vertical through anterior nostril, straight to slightly concave from that point to posterior tip of supraoccipital spine in mature males and immatures, greatly concave in mature females. Dorsal profile of head and body slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin, posteroventrally inclined along dorsalfin base, straight from terminus of dorsal-fin base to origin of caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of head and body convex from margin of lower lip to posterior terminus of anal-fin base. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Infraorbital series incomplete, with only four bones, single ossification in position primitively occupied by infraorbitals four and five and infraorbital 6 absent. Rhinosphenoid cartilaginous.
Jaws equal, mouth terminal. Premaxillary dentition in two rows. Outer row with 3(4) or 4*(28) tricuspid teeth and inner row with 4*(31) or 5 (1) teeth with 3 to 6 cups. Maxilla with 1(5), 2(17), 3(8), 4(1) or 5*(1) teeth bearing 1 to 6 cusps. Dentary with 4*(32) larger teeth anteriorly with 4 or 5 cusps, followed by 5 to 9 distinctly smaller teeth with 1 to 3 cusps.
Dorsal-fin rays ii,7(1) or ii,8*(32). Distal margin of dorsal fin usually rounded. Anal-fin rays iii-iv,10(1), 11(2), 12(3), 13(14), 14*(9) or 15(4). Pectoral-fin rays i, 10(6), 11*(22) or 12(5). Tip of pectoral fin falling short of vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,6*(27) or 7(4). Caudal fin forked, lobes rounded and of similar size. Principal caudal-fin rays i,8/7,i(2); i,8/8/,i*(43); i,9/8,i(5). Adipose fin absent.
Table 1.
Morphometric data for holotype (H) and 32 paratypes of
Hasemania uberaba
. SD = standard deviation. Range includes holotype.
Scales cycloid. Lateral line incomplete. Pored scales 8(3), 9(8), 10(6), 11(1), 12(7), 13(4), 14*(1) or 15(1). Longitudinal scale series including perforated scales 28(2), 29(2), 30(9), 31(5), 32(6), 33(3), 34(3) or 35*(1). Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 5*(15) or 6(17). Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4(23) or 5*(9). Scale sheath along basal portion of anal-fin rays with 6(2), 7(5), 8*(7), 9(7) or 10(3) scales in single series. Scales between tip of supraoccipital process and dorsal-fin origin 10(2), 11(5), 12*(10), 13(1), 14(3), 15(1) or 16(1). Horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle 14(2), 15(8), 16*(17), 17(1) or 18(1). Scales present only over caudal-fin base. Vertebrae 34(2) or 35(2). First gill arch with 6(2) epibranchial, 8(2) ceratobranquial, 1(2) on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial, and 2(2) hypobranchial gill-rakers. Supraneurals 5(2) or 6(2).
| H |
Range Mean |
SD |
| Standard length (mm) |
70.0 |
26.9-70.0 |
43.3 |
| Percents of Standard length |
| Body depth |
34.7 |
33.5-39.6 |
36.3 |
1.5 |
| Head length |
31.7 |
30.1-33.7 |
31.8 |
1.0 |
| Predorsal distance |
58.6 |
52.7-61.0 |
58.0 |
1.5 |
| Preventral distance |
53.9 |
48.6-55.1 |
52.7 |
1.5 |
| Pelvic-anal fin distance |
18.4 |
17.2-22.6 |
19.5 |
1.3 |
| Caudal-peduncle depth |
13.6 |
13.5-15.7 |
14.6 |
0.6 |
| Caudal-peduncle length |
12.0 |
12.0-18.7 |
15.2 |
1.4 |
| Dorsal-fin base length |
11.7 |
10.9-15.9 |
12.5 |
1.0 |
| Anal-fin base length |
18.4 |
18.0-21.9 |
19.9 |
1.1 |
| Pectoral-fin length |
17.4 |
14.4-20.4 |
16.5 |
1.2 |
| Pelvic-fin length |
13.9 |
12.5-16.0 |
14.3 |
0.9 |
| Dorsal-fin length |
21.4 |
21.4-28.7 |
24.7 |
1.7 |
| Anal-fin length |
16.4 |
15.2-20.2 |
18.2 |
1.3 |
| Caudal-fin length |
20.6 |
16.5-22.0 |
19.2 |
1.3 |
| Percents of Head length |
| Head depth |
82.0 |
82.0-96.5 |
91.4 |
3.0 |
| Orbital diameter |
21.2 |
21.2-33.9 |
28.7 |
2.5 |
| Snout length |
23.9 |
19.0-26.1 |
22.5 |
1.9 |
| Interorbital width |
31.5 |
26.9-34.0 |
31.0 |
1.6 |
Color in alcohol.
Preserved specimens with dark bodies, chromatophores concentrated mainly dorsally and along posterior margin of scales, resulting in slightly reticulated pattern. Irregular, vertically elongate humeral spot. Longitudinal, mid-lateral stripe extending from vertical midway between head and dorsal-fin origin posteriorly to middle caudal-fin rays. Fins with chromatophores more concentrated along rays than on membranes (
Figs. 1-2
).
Color in life.
Live specimens have conspicuous reticulated color pattern, scales with metallic bluish-purple reflections. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, mainly the last one, reddish with dark rays.
Sexual dimorphism.
Females with a conspicuous concavity along dorsal profile between vertical passing through the posterior nostril to the posterior portion of the head (
Fig. 2
). Bony hooks along pelvic and anal-fin rays were not observed in any specimen.
Fig. 1.
Hasemania uberaba
, holotype, DZSJRP 18781, male, 70.0 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Ponte Alta, Serra do Grotão, road BR 262, headwaters of rio Uberaba, córrego São Pedro, rio Grande basin, upper rio Paraná basin.
Fig. 2.
Hasemania uberaba
, paratype, recently fixed specimen, DZSJRP 8730, female, 62.4 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Ponte Alta, Serra do Grotão, road BR 262, headwaters of rio Uberaba, córrego São Pedro, rio Grande basin, upper rio Paraná basin.
larvae (
Diptera
), other angiosperms and Trichoptera, and one mostly
Diptera
larvae, followed by angiosperms and tecamoebas;
Uieda
et al.
(1987
: tables IV and V) refer to algae, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera,
Diptera, Megaloptera
, and organic matter (autochthonous items) and angiosperms, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Hymenoptera (allochthonous items) in the stomachs of the specimens of the species they examined (identified therein as
H
.
melanura
).
Etymology.
The species name,
uberaba
, is in reference to the rio Uberaba, where the species is found. A noun in apposition.
Fig. 3.
Jaws of
Hasemania uberaba
, left side, paratype, DZSJRP 8730, 36.8 mm SL. Scale bar = 1.5 mm.
Distribution.
Hasemania uberaba
is only known from its
type
locality in the headwaters of the rio Uberaba, rio Grande basin, upper rio
Paraná
basin,
Minas Gerais
,
Brazil
(see Carvalho & Langeani, 2013: figs. 4-5).
Ecological notes.
Headwaters of the rio Uberaba are a marshland with abundant Cyperacea, Poacea and algae, crystalline water and muddy bottom (Carvalho & Langeani, 2013: fig. 5).
Hasemania uberaba
was captured jointly with a new genus and new species of
Crenuchidae
, the most abundant species (under analysis),
Hyphessobrycon uaiso
Carvalho & Langeani
, and
Rivulus
sp. The larger, less numerous, specimens among
H. uberaba
could be easily seen among the smaller specimens of the other species. They swim in open water or sheltered areas with submerged vegetation. Among the specimens examined for stomach contents, one consumed angiosperms and
Chironomidae
Conservation
status.
Hasemania uberaba
until now was only confirmed to occur in the type-locality (area of occupancy AOO less than
10 km
2). There is a putative new reference for the species, based on a fish drawing (fig. 2A,
Uieda et al., 1987
, referred as
Hasemania melanura
), in the rio Claro, rio Paranaíba basin, a locality very near the type-locality; this additional occurrence, however, could not be confirmed because the specimens analyzed by
Uieda et al. (1987)
were not conserved and all recent efforts to collect the species in the rio Claro were unsuccessful. The small geographic area (one location) harbors a very peculiar kind of habitat (see “Ecological notes” above) and is limited by a paved road (BR 262) and land areas with agriculture. Furthermore, the waters of the rio Uberaba are used by human consumption and since the southeastern
Brazil
is suffering a long drought (
Escobar, 2015
), this can contribute to a decay of the water levels in the basin, which now seems to be a serious plausible threat that can drive the species to critically endangered or extinct in a very short time, allowing to its classification as Vulnerable (VU D2) according to the IUCN (2001, 2011). In spite of that, it is now preferable to consider
Hasemania uberaba
as Data Deficient (DD) until more information about its biology and geographical distribution is available, as already pointed out by Carvalho & Langeani (2013) for
Hyphessobrycon uaiso
, a syntopic characid species.