Revision, phylogeny, and microhabitat shifts in the Southeast Asian spider genus Aetana (Araneae, Pholcidae) Author Huber, Bernhard A. 33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 33607 F 65 - 19 BF- 4 DC 9 - 94 FD- 4 BB 88 CED 455 F Author Nuñeza, Olga M. 6D14FCCC-F148-4293-9F23-0EB5A4119305 Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines. & Email: olgamnuneza @ yahoo. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 6 D 14 FCCC-F 148 - 4293 - 9 F 23 - 0 EB 5 A 4119305 olgamnuneza@yahoo.com Author Ung, Charles Leh Moi 8738F336-D1CC-4AD3-97E4-82BC1729A123 Sarawak Museum, Jalan Tun Abang Haji Openg, 93566 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. & Email: charllmu @ sarawak. gov. my & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 8738 F 336 - D 1 CC- 4 AD 3 - 97 E 4 - 82 BC 1729 A 123 charllmu@sarawak.gov.my text European Journal of Taxonomy 2015 2015-12-14 162 1 78 journal article 22094 10.5852/ejt.2015.162 e7c55171-03d5-4714-a0c2-b7e70ab80fce 2118-9773 3829511 BC89C4DA-4346-4B84-8A54-976F9741636B Aetana libjo Huber , sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 91DA8483-221E-4FBB-8CD8-453CFD23B90F Figs 8–9 , 26–40 , 45–47 Diagnosis Distinguished from the very similar A. baganihan Huber , sp. nov. by shapes of bulbal processes (compare Figs 38–39 and 41–42 ), by shorter male palpal tibia (2.1–2.4 × longer than wide vs. 2.9–3.2 in A. baganihan Huber , sp. nov. ), and by shorter epigynum and wider scape (compare Figs 28 and 43 ). Distinguished from next closest known relative ( A. ocampoi Huber , sp. nov. ) by light coloration and several details of male palp and epigynum (especially shapes of bulb and scape; Figs 26–28 ). From all other congeners by simple procursus and complex bulbal processes ( Figs 26–27 ) and by narrow epigynal scape. Etymology Named for the type locality; noun in apposition. Material examined Holotype PHILIPPINES : ♂ , Dinagat Isl., near Libjo , Paragua Forest , ‘site 1’ ( 10.222° N , 125.553° E ), 130 m a.s.l. , forest at brook, among low vegetation, 20 Feb. 2014 ( B.A. Huber ), ZFMK (Ar 13929). Other material PHILIPPINES : 6 ♂♂ , 9 ♀♀ , same data as holotype , ZFMK ( 5♂♂ , 8♀♀ ) (Ar 13930–31) and MSU-IIT ( 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ); 3 juveniles in pure ethanol, same data, ZFMK (Phi 231). Description Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 3.1, carapace width 1.1. Leg 1: 37.4 (9.0 + 0.5 + 8.8 + 16.2 + 2.9), tibia 2: 5.1, tibia 3: 3.3, tibia 4: 4.8; tibia 1 L/d: 74. Distance PME-PME 270 µm , diameter PME 125× 95 µm , distance PME-ALE 20 µm ; AME absent. COLOR. Carapace ochre-yellow with black lateral margins, dark mark behind ocular area and dark median mark on posterior rim; ocular area and clypeus pale ochre; sternum bright orange; leg coxae ochre-yellow, other leg segments greenish-ochre (especially femora) to light brown (distal segments); abdomen grey with distinct dorsal and lateral pattern of black marks, ventrally with brown band between gonopore and spinnerets (mid-section indistinct). Figs 26–29. Aetana libjo Huber , sp. nov. 26–27 . Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: retrolateral process of bulb). 28–29 . Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views (asterisk: median membranous structure). b = genital bulb; p = procursus; rt = retrolateral trichobothrium. Scale lines: 26–27 = 0.5 mm ; 28–29 = 0.3 mm . Figs 30–37. Aetana libjo Huber , sp. nov. 30 . Processes of right genital bulb, retrolateral view. 31 . Detail of preceding. 32 . Comb-hairs on female tarsus 4. 33 . Processes of left genital bulb, prolateral view. 34 . Detail of preceding. 35 . Male palpal tarsal organ. 36 . Female ALS. 37 . Male gonopore. Scale lines: 30, 33 = 100 µm; 31, 37 = 40 µm; 32, 34 = 20 µm; 35–36 = 10 µm. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 8 ; ocular area slightly raised, each triad on low hump directed toward lateral; carapace only anteriorly with very shallow and narrow median furrow; clypeus barely modified, indistinct median process near rim provided with some slightly stronger hairs; sternum wider than long (0.70/0.55), unmodified. Gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two pairs ( Fig. 37 ). ALS as in female ( cf . Fig. 36 ). Figs 38–44. — 38–40. Aetana libjo Huber , sp. nov. 38–39 . Left genital bulb in prolateral and retrolateral views. 40 . Male chelicerae, frontal view. — 41–44 . Aetana baganihan Huber , sp. nov. 41–42 . Left genital bulb in prolateral and retrolateral views. 43–44 . Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views (asterisk: median membranous structure). Scale lines: 38–39, 41–44 = 0.5 mm; 40 = 0.3 mm. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 40 , with pair of ridge-shaped apophyses distally near median line, without proximal lateral apophyses; without modified hairs; without stridulatory ridges. PALPS. As in Figs 26–27 , coxa unmodified, trochanter on retrolateral side with large apophysis fused to femur; femur with small retrolateral process distally; tibia length/width: 0.50/0.22; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia very distal; tarsus with semitransparent simple procursus directed toward patella; tarsal organ exposed ( Fig. 35 ); genital bulb large, with small retrolateral process proximally and three distinctive processes distally ( Figs 30–31, 33 , 38–39 ): dorsal process with distal hook; central hinged process with large prolateral flap and complex tip; ventral hinged process with simple pointed tip. Location of sperm duct opening unknown. LEGS. Without spines, with curved hairs on metatarsi, with vertical hairs in higher than usual density in one retrolatero-dorsal row on each tibia; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 2%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae. Tarsus 1 with ~30 pseudosegments, distally distinct. Tarsus 4 comb-hairs with very dense tines ( Fig. 32 ). Figs 45–50. Aetana libjo Huber , sp. nov. (Figs 45–47) and Aetana baganihan Huber , sp. nov. (Figs 48–50), female genitalia; untreated in ventral view, cleared in ventral and dorsal views. Male (variation) Tibia 1 in 6 other males: 8.3–9.0 (mean 8.6); ratio of palpal tibia length/width: 2.1–2.4. Some specimens with white marks on abdomen in addition to black marks. Female In general similar to male ( Fig. 9 ); eye triads closer together (distance PME-PME 215 µm ); clypeus unmodified; tibiae with short vertical hairs in low density; entire median area of carapace darker; clypeus also slightly darker; abdomen with or without white marks; tibia 1 in 9 females : 6.2–7.2 (mean 6.7). Epigynum with large, weakly sclerotized area, posteriorly protruding with short, narrow scape ( Figs 28 , 45–46 ); internal genitalia with large median membranous structure of unknown function ( Fig. 29 ). Natural history The spiders were found in strongly domed webs among the vegetation. When disturbed, they ran a short distance in the dome, vibrated vigorously for a short time, and then made slow circular movements with their abdomen. Males and females were often found close to each other, but always in separate webs. The locality is shared with the ground-dwelling A. paragua Huber , sp. nov. Distribution Known from type locality only ( Fig. 3 ).